Экзамен ЕГЭ проверяет:
- грамматические навыки базового уровня;
- навыки словообразования;
- лексический запас.
Как подготовиться к лексико-грамматической части ЕГЭ?
- решить как можно больше упражнений по грамматике ;
- вспомнить или освоить навык словообразования;
- пройти тестовые варианты ЕГЭ и понять, где именно встречаются ошибки, над которыми нужно работать.
Прочитайте приведенные ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами.
Для того чтобы понять, в какой форме необходимо использовать глагол be , нужно посмотреть на предложение с пропуском. Так, это предложение написано в прошедшем времени (phoned ). Соответственно, нам нужно поставить глагол be в Past Simple в отрицании. Для местоимения she эта форма - wasn’ t .
Глагол build («строить ») - неправильный. Его вторая и третья формы - built, built. В данном предложении важно понять, стена ли кого-то строила или ее строили. Логично, что строили стену. Это значит, что здесь необходимо употребить пассивный залог во времени Past Simple . Таким образом, правильным ответом будет was built , так как пассивный залог (Passive Voice ) - это глагол be в нужной форме (в зависимости от времени) и третья форма смыслового глагола (Participle II/ V 3 ).
Глагол become («становиться ») - неправильный. Его вторая и третья формы - became, become. Для того чтобы понять, какую форму этого глагола необходимо использовать в данном предложении, нужно выяснить, нет ли в предложении «сигнальных» слов. Такое слово есть - since , и оно указывает на Present Perfect . Правильным ответом будет форма has become .
Слово nature («природа ») является существительным . После пропуска также стоит существительное - beauty («красота »), то есть на месте пропуска должно стоять некое определение. Роль определения в предложении обычно играет прилагательное, и от слова nature прилагательным будет natural .
Most of the land in National Parks is privately owned, but administered by an independent National Park Authority which works to balance the expectations of __________ with the need to conserve these open spaces for future generations. |
visit |
Слово visit («посещать ») - это глагол . Посмотрев на слова перед пропуском - the expectations of («ожидания кого-то/чего-то ») - можно понять, что нам необходимо существительное - «ожидания посетителей » (visitors ). На то, что существительное должно стоять во множественном числе , указывает отсутствие неопределенного артикля перед пропуском.
В данном предложении пропущено подлежащее, то есть из существительного science («наука ») необходимо образовать другое существительное, способное исполнить роль этого подлежащего. Более того, новое существительное должно стоять во множественном числе , так как в сказуемое входит глагол be в форме множественного числа - are . Новым существительным будет слово scientists - «ученые ».
- строго следуйте инструкции и внимательно читайте задание ;
- прежде чем заполнить пропуск, внимательно прочитайте предложение и найдите «сигнальные» слова , которые подскажут вам, в какое время необходимо поставить глагол или какая часть речи требуется;
- не оставляйте пропуски незаполненными , даже если вы не знаете правильный ответ;
- пишите четко и аккуратно .
Список литературы
- Афанасьева О.В., Дули Д., Михеева И.В. Английский язык (базовый уровень). - Просвещение, 2012.
- Биболетова М.З., Бабушис Е.Е., Снежко Н.Д. Английский язык (базовый уровень). - Титул, 2009.
- Кауфман К.И., Кауфман М.Ю. Английский язык (базовый уровень). - Титул, 2010.
- Музланова Е.С. 120 учебно-тренировочных заданий для подготовки к ЕГЭ. - АСТ, 2010.
- Correctenglish.ru ().
- Interactive-english.ru ().
- Begin-english.ru ().
Домашнее задание
- Test 1 Елена Музланова, Елена Кисунько Английский язык: Экспресс-репетитор для подготовки к ЕГЭ: «Грамматика и лексика». - Астрель, 2010. - С. 6.
- Test 6 Елена Музланова, Елена Кисунько Английский язык: Экспресс-репетитор для подготовки к ЕГЭ: «Грамматика и лексика». - Астрель, 2010. - С. 9.
- Test 3 Елена Музланова, Елена Кисунько Английский язык: Экспресс-репетитор для подготовки к ЕГЭ: «Грамматика и лексика». - Астрель, 2010. - С. 28.
“Этот… галчонок… у меня рубль олимпийский украл! Его надо немедленно в поликлинику сдать, для опытов!”
А вопрос о том, как готовить к заданиям 32-38 из раздела “Грамматика и Лексика” на ЕГЭ по английскому языку, украл у меня немало нервных и мозговых клеток. И в этой статье я объясню, кто виноват почему и что с этим самым заданиям делать. А также дам советы по подготовке и порекомендую учебники, которые помогут эту подготовку осуществить.
Общая информация
После прочтения ясно, что although употребляется для контраста двух идей внутри предложения и не выделяется запятой. However, however cтоит в начале предложения и обособлено пунктуационным знаком. Obviously, ответ №1.
В задании 34 понадобится знание синонимического ряда say, speak, talk, tell (эти синонимы становятся классикой, уже не раз встречала их в тестах). Эту разницу хорошо объясняет Сергей Чернышев. В дополнение к информации, которой он делится в видео, заставляю учеников выучить несколько устойчивых сочетаний с этими глаголами (вроде tell the difference, the clock says). Их можно взять из книги Музлановой ЕГЭ. Раздел “Грамматика и лексика”.
Теперь посмотрим на смысл предложения с пропуском а смысл предложения посмотрит на нас – “эксперты сказали инженеру забыть об этой идее”. После ознакомления с разницей между синонимами, понятно, что по смыслу подходят say или tell. Но если бы в пропуске было said, то после него обязателен предлог перед дополнением – said TO Roebling. Посему выбираем №2, told.
В задании 35 ученика “ловят” на знании или незнании идиомы “deep in his heart”. Как бы мы ее перевели на русский? Наверно, его эквивалент – выражение “глубоко в душе”, поэтому прилагательное deep само напрашивается в пропуск. Идиомы far, full, long – “далеко, полно, долго в сердце” у меня бы не вызвали доверия.
В номере 36 снова синонимы, причем две группы – join/unite, share/divide. У них разный смысл – первые два обозначают объединение, последние два – разделение. Обратим внимание, что стоит после пропуска – “… his dream with someone else”. Вряд ли я буду объединять мечту, скорее я ее разделю с кем-то. Следовательно, выбор сужается до share и divide. Тут потребуется знание сочетаемости слов (как это сокровенное знание приобрести расскажу ниже, в параграфе про подготовку).
Сочетаемость, кстати, можно и загуглить (увы, не на экзамене). Вбиваем в поле для поиска divide a dream. Единственный появившийся запрос – divide a dream into syllables, дословно – разделить слово “мечта” на слоги.
Рёблинг вряд ли занимался филологическими экзерцизами, так что копаем дальше и смотрим слово share. Как только вводим первую букву слова dream, появляется подсказка от Гугела, где нужное сочетание share a dream стоит на первом месте. Правилен ответ №3.
Задание 37 снова проверяет знание управления глагола, причем того глагола, после которого может идти to. Открываем словарь – succeded IN, handled smth, maintained smth, managed TO. Правильный вариант – №4.
И в номере 38 опять устойчивое словосочетание – … the first time. “Like a virgin, hey! touched for the very first time …” пропела в моей голове Мадонна и я нашла правильный ответ . А у кого не пропела, придется вспоминать или угадывать! Ответ №4, for.
Задание Ответ
Amy was clothes shopping. She was trying on new outfits when her mobile phone suddenly __RING
__. It was her friend Adam. He wanted to know if she needed any help __STUDY
__ for their history test.
‘Yes, please!’ said Amy. ‘I __DO
__ badly in the last test, so I really want to impress Mrs Sanders this time.’
They arranged to meet at Adams house at seven o’clock. ‘I can’t find my history notes, so remember to bring __YOU
__’ said Adam.
At eight o’clock, Amy still __NOT ARRIVE
__. Adam was not happy.
‘I can’t wait any __LONG
__,’ he thought to himself.
He was just about to call his friend Tom when he heard a couple of __WOMAN
__ voices outside. It was Amy and an older woman. Adam opened the door. ‘Hi Adam,’ said Amy. ‘Sorry I’m a few minutes late. The bad news is that I __LOSE
__ my history notes too.’
Amy smiled. ‘But don’t worry because this is a good friend of __ME
__ and she’s a history teacher!’
Amy was clothes shopping. She was trying on new outfits when her mobile phone suddenly RANG
. It was her friend Adam. He wanted to know if she needed any help STUDYING
for their history test.
‘Yes, please!’ said Amy. ‘I DID
badly in the last test, so I really want to impress Mrs Sanders this time.’
They arranged to meet at Adams house at seven o’clock. ‘I can’t find my history notes, so remember to bring YOURS
’ said Adam.
At eight o’clock, Amy still HAD NOT ARRIVED
. Adam was not happy.
‘I can’t wait any LONGER
,’ he thought to himself.
‘I’ll have to get the notes from someone else.’
He was just about to call his friend Tom when he heard a couple of WOMEN’S
voices outside. It was Amy and an older woman. Adam opened the door. ‘Hi Adam,’ said Amy. ‘Sorry I’m a few minutes late. The bad news is that I HAVE LOST
(можно LOST) my history notes too.’
Amy smiled. ‘But don’t worry because this is a good friend of MINE
and she’s a history teacher!’
Задание 2 на лексико-грамматическую трансформацию
Почитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали контексту.
Задание Ответ
The Cyrillic alphabet is the alphabet used in Russian text. It is one of the most __WIDE __ used alphabets in the world.
The alphabet is used in __VARY __ languages, including Russian, Bulgarian, Serbian and Ukrainian.
It began in the __TEN __ century in the Bulgarian Empire. It was created by two Greek brothers, Cyril and Methodius.
It was formed from the Greek alphabet, although there are many __DIFFER __ between the two.
Some people would like the alphabet to be called the Russian alphabet, to refer to Russia, just as the Greek alphabet refers to Greece. They __AGREE __ with the name Cyrillic.
The alphabet recently became the EU’s third __OFFICE __ script, after Latin and Greek, when Bulgaria joined the EU.
The Cyrillic alphabet is the alphabet used in Russian text. It is one of the most WIDELY used alphabets in the world.
The alphabet is used in VARIOUS languages, including Russian, Bulgarian, Serbian and Ukrainian.
It began in the TENTH century in the Bulgarian Empire. It was created by two Greek brothers, Cyril and Methodius.
It was formed from the Greek alphabet, although there are many DIFFERENCES between the two.
Some people would like the alphabet to be called the Russian alphabet, to refer to Russia, just as the Greek alphabet refers to Greece. They DISAGREE with the name Cyrillic.
The alphabet recently became the EU’s third OFFICIAL script, after Latin and Greek, when Bulgaria joined the EU.
Задание 3 на лексико-грамматическую трансформацию
Почитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали контексту.
Задание Ответ
The rouble is the currency of Russia. It __BE __ in use for around five centuries.
Sometimes, the rouble used in Russia __KNOW __ as the Russian rouble. This is because some other countries also call their currencies roubles.
In the 1700s, Russian roubles __MAKE __ with precious metals such as silver, gold and platinum.
The Russian government __BEGIN __ printing paper monev until towards the end of the 1700s.
Russian rouble banknotes today have images of well-known places in Russia, as well as famous __MAN __ in Russian history.
The banknotes have modern features that stop __THEY __ from being copied illegally.
The __HIGH __ amount that appears on a banknote is 5,000 Russian roubles. After that, there are banknotes worth 1,000, 100, 50, 10 and 5 roubles.
However, there are also 5- and 10-rouble coins, and these are used __COMMONLY __ than the 5- and 10-rouble banknotes.
Because 5-rouble coins are used so often, the government decided to stop __PRINT __ the 5-rouble banknotes any more.
The rouble is the currency of Russia. It HAS BEEN in use for around five centuries.
Sometimes, the rouble used in Russia IS KNOWN as the Russian rouble. This is because some other countries also call their currencies roubles.
In the 1700s, Russian roubles WERE MADE with precious metals such as silver, gold and platinum.
The Russian government DID NOT BEGIN printing paper money until towards the end of the 1700s.
Russian rouble banknotes today have images of well-known places in Russia, as well as famous MEN in Russian history.
The banknotes have modern features that stop THEM from being copied illegally.
The HIGHEST amount that appears on a banknote is 5,000 Russian roubles. After that, there are banknotes worth 1,000, 100, 50, 10 and 5 roubles.
However, there are also 5- and 10-rouble coins, and these are used MORE COMMONLY than the 5- and 10-rouble banknotes.
Because 5-rouble coins are used so often, the government decided to stop PRINTING the 5-rouble banknotes any more.
Задание 4 на лексико-грамматическую трансформацию
Почитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали контексту.
Задание Ответ
Gina was going to play the part of a very old woman in the school play. She was looking forward to the first __PERFORM __ of the show.
A few minutes before going on stage, she had an accident. She didn’t notice a box on the floor, fell over it, and hurt her knee very __BAD __ .
She could barely walk and she didn’t know what to do. She felt __USE __ .
Then she remembered the expression “the show must go on”. Although Gina’s pain was __TERROR __ , she decided to carry on with the play.
Every second on stage was really __PAIN __ , but somehow she managed it.
Everyone thought her acting was very __IMPRESS __ and that she really looked like an old lady!
Gina was going to play the part of a very old woman in the school play. She was looking forward to the first PERFORMANCE of the show.
A few minutes before going on stage, she had an accident. She didn’t notice a box on the floor, fell over it, and hurt her knee very BADLY .
She could barely walk and she didn’t know what to do. She felt USELESS .
Then she remembered the expression “the show must go on”. Although Gina’s pain was TERRIBLE , she decided to carry on with the play.
Every second on stage was really PAINFUL , but somehow she managed it.
Everyone thought her acting was very IMPRESSIVE and that she really looked like an old lady!
Задание 5 на лексико-грамматическую трансформацию
Почитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали контексту.
Задание Ответ
Frank’s birthday is on 6th July. Last year, he decided to have a big party for all his friends as it __BE __ his sixteenth birthday.
In previous years, his parents had refused to let him have a party, so he __FEEL __ very excited when they said yes this time.
‘This is going to be the __GOOD __ party ever!’ he told his friend, Charlie. ‘Will you help me?’
‘Sure’ __REPLY __ Charlie, because he liked the idea. So they started planning the party together.
Charlie and Frank had been to lots of __PARTY __ so they knew what to do.
‘What we need is some good music,’ said Frank. ‘We’ve got lots of MP3s, but it would be great if we __HAVE __ a sound system to play them really loudly.’
‘That’s a good idea,’ Charlie agreed. ‘My cousin is a DJ, so I’ll ask him if we can borrow __HE __ equipment.’
‘I __THINK __ your cousin was a policeman ’ Frank said, confused. Charlie told him that he had nineteen cousins.
‘Oh, yes, your family is much bigger than __I
__ ’ said Frank. ‘Just don’t invite them all to the party!’
Franks birthday is on 6th July. Last year, he decided to have a big party for all his friends as it WAS his sixteenth birthday.
In previous years, his parents had refused to let him have a party, so he FELT very excited when they said yes this time.
‘This is going to be the BEST party ever!’ he told his friend, Charlie. ‘Will you help me?’
‘Sure’ REPLIED Charlie, because he liked the idea. So they started planning the party together.
Charlie and Frank had been to lots of PARTIES so they knew what to do.
‘What we need is some good music,’ said Frank. ‘We’ve got lots of MP3s, but it would be great if we HAD a sound system to play them really loudly.’
‘That’s a good idea,’ Charlie agreed. ‘My cousin is a DJ, so I’ll ask him if we can borrow HIS equipment.’
‘I THOUGHT your cousin was a policeman ’ Frank said, confused. Charlie told him that he had nineteen cousins.
‘Oh, yes, your family is much bigger than MINE ’ said Frank. ‘Just don’t invite them all to the party!’
Задание 6 на лексико-грамматическую трансформацию
Почитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали контексту.
Задание Ответ
Have you heard of the English city of York? It’s one of the most __FAME __ cities in the UK.
The Romans started the city in 71 AD. It quickly grew to become __CENTRE __ to the Roman Empire as a military base.
In 211, Constantine I was crowned Emperor in York. This was __REAL __ unusual and special, as Emperors were almost always crowned in Rome.
The historical __IMPORTANT __ of York is also symbolised by the Minster, one of the largest churches in the world.
The city burnt down in a __DISASTER __ fire in 1137, but managed to recover to become a centre of trade and commerce by the 1500s.
Fire struck again in 1984 and the Minster was badly damaged, but __FORTUNE __ , like the city itself, the Minster recovered its former glory to stand tall once again.
Have you heard of the English city of York? It’s one of the most FAMOUS cities in the UK.
The Romans started the city in 71 AD. It quickly grew to become CENTRAL to the Roman Empire as a military base.
In 211, Constantine I was crowned Emperor in York. This was REALLY unusual and special, as Emperors were almost always crowned in Rome.
The historical IMPORTANCE of York is also symbolised by the Minster, one of the largest churches in the world.
The city burnt down in a DISASTROUS fire in 1137, but managed to recover to become a centre of trade and commerce by the 1500s.
Fire struck again in 1984 and the Minster was badly damaged, but FORTUNATELY , like the city itself, the Minster recovered its former glory to stand tall once again.
Задание 7 на лексико-грамматическую трансформацию
Почитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали контексту.
Задание Ответ
Do you remember the 2012 Olympics? The opening ceremony __DIRECT __ by award-winning film-maker Danny Boyle.
Not many people expected the ceremony to be very good, despite __HE __ excellent reputation as a director.
But, in the end, it was very successful. Almost everyone who __SEE __ it said it was fantastic.
The show __WATCH __ by more than 900 million people and lasted for four hours.
Many of the various sections of the show contained lots of __CHILD __ and young people.
The aim of the ceremony was to give the world a taste of the __GOOD __ of British culture.
The sections featured everything from the Industrial Revolution to Britain’s literary heritage. These showed what the nation had achieved so far in __IT __ history.
One part of the ceremony appeared to show the Queen parachuting into the stadium. This has helped make her __POPULAR __ than ever.
Of course, she didn’t really jump from a helicopter. Everyone __KNOW __ it was a joke.
Do you remember the 2012 Olympics? The opening ceremony WAS DIRECT by award-winning film-maker Danny Boyle.
Not many people expected the ceremony to be very good, despite HIS excellent reputation as a director.
But, in the end, it was very successful. Almost everyone who SAW it said it was fantastic.
The show WAS WATCHED by more than 900 million people and lasted for four hours.
Many of the various sections of the show contained lots of CHILDREN and young people.
The aim of the ceremony was to give the world a taste of the BEST of British culture.
The sections featured everything from the Industrial Revolution to Britain’s literary heritage. These showed what the nation had achieved so far in ITS history.
One part of the ceremony appeared to show the Queen parachuting into the stadium. This has helped make her MORE POPULAR than ever.
Of course, she didn’t really jump from a helicopter. Everyone KNEW it was a joke.
Задание 8 на лексико-грамматическую трансформацию
Почитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали контексту.
Задание Ответ
I grew up in the UK in the 1980s. During my __CHILD __ there wasn’t always a lot to do in the summer holidays.
On the rare occasions when it was a warm __SUN __ day, we’d go for a picnic on Blackpool beach.
As far as my family were concerned, there was nothing more __ENJOY __ than eating sandwiches on the beach.
We hardly ever went swimming, though, as the water was often __EXTREME __ cold. So we would just play on the wet sand.
But even if we were __LUCKY __ with the weather and it started raining, we could always go for some fish and chips.
Nothing gave us more pleasure after a __TIRE __ day at the seaside.
I grew up in the UK in the 1980s. During my CHILDHOOD there wasn’t always a lot to do in the summer holidays.
On the rare occasions when it was a warm SUNNY day, we’d go for a picnic on Blackpool beach.
As far as my family were concerned, there was nothing more ENJOYABLE than eating sandwiches on the beach.
We hardly ever went swimming, though, as the water was often EXTREMELY cold. So we would just play on the wet sand.
But even if we were UNLUCKY with the weather and it started raining, we could always go for some fish and chips.
Nothing gave us more pleasure after a TIRING day at the seaside.
Задание 9 на лексико-грамматическую трансформацию
Почитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали контексту.
Задание Ответ
Lisa was getting ready for bed. She’d iust brushed her __TOOTH __ and was deciding which book to read in bed.
As usual, she was thinking about a million other things at the same time. ‘Daddy’s got the __INTERESTING __ job in the whole world,’ she thought.
I wonder if I’ll be a teacher like Daddy when I’m __OLD __ ,’she then thought. ‘Maybe I’ll be an astronaut.’
She smiled to __SHE __ at the idea of speeding through space in a spaceship.
Then she stopped __SMILE __ . ‘But if I’m an astronaut. I’ll be away from my family, friends and cat.’
She __KNOW __ it was impossible to be an astronaut and see her family all the time.
She __MAKE __ a decision. ‘I won’t do that job, then. I want to see my cat every evening.’
At that moment, her cat Timothy __COME __ into the room. Timothy looked at her, as if to say: ‘I want to see you every day, too.’
I
Lisa was getting ready for bed. She’d iust brushed her TEETH and was deciding which book to read in bed.
As usual, she was thinking about a million other things at the same time. ‘Daddy’s got the MOST INTERESTING job in the whole world,’ she thought.
I wonder if I’ll be a teacher like Daddy when I’m OLDER ,’ she then thought. ‘Maybe I’ll be an astronaut.’
She smiled to HERSELF at the idea of speeding through space in a spaceship.
Then she stopped SMILING . ‘But if I’m an astronaut. I’ll be away from my family, friends and cat.’
She KNEW it was impossible to be an astronaut and see her family all the time.
She MADE a decision. ‘I won’t do that job, then. I want to see my cat every evening.’
At that moment, her cat Timothy CAME into the room. Timothy looked at her, as if to say: ‘I want to see you every day, too.’
‘Now,’ said Lisa. ‘What book do you want __ME __ to read to you before bed tonight, Timothy?’
Задание 10 на лексико-грамматическую трансформацию
Почитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали контексту.
Задание Ответ
Pablo Picasso was born in 1881 and died in 1973. He’s an extremely well-known __PAINT __.
Although he was born in Spain, he spent most of his __AMAZE __ life in Paris.
Most of Picassos pictures are quite __USUAL __ to look at, as they contain strange shapes and very weird faces.
His pictures are very bright. __VIEW __ often say they are dramatic works of art.
Picasso had close __FRIEND __ with several other famous people from that time, including Henri Matisse and Gertrude Stein.
His talent was widely recognised during his lifetime, and when people think of the greatest artists of all time, they __GENERAL __ think of him.
Pablo Picasso was born in 1881 and died in 1973. He’s an extremely well-known PAINTER .
Although he was born in Spain, he spent most of his AMAZING life in Paris.
Most of Picassos pictures are quite UNUSUAL to look at, as they contain strange shapes and very weird faces.
His pictures are very bright. VIEWERS often say they are dramatic works of art.
Picasso had close FRIENDSHIPS with several other famous people from that time, including Henri Matisse and Gertrude Stein.
His talent was widely recognised during his lifetime, and when people think of the greatest artists of all time, they GENERALLY think of him.
Задание 11 на лексико-грамматическую трансформацию
Почитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали контексту.
Задание Ответ
Red Square is a city square in the centre of Moscow. It __CONSIDER __ by some people to be the centre of all of Russia.
Its name __NOT COME __ from the red bricks that make up the square, nor from any connection to a type of government.
Rather, the word ‘red’ in Russian can also mean ‘beautiful’. As the square has grand and beautiful buildings, __IT __ appearance is indeed lovely.
Originally, the square __DESIGN __ to be a market-place, but it has also been used for other purposes.
Official ceremonies __TAKE __ place there over the years, such as the crowning of tsars in past centuries.
Around the square, there __BE __ several important buildings, such as the Kremlin and St Basils Cathedral.
In 1990. Red Square __BECOME __ a UNESCO World Heritage Site, along with the Kremlin.
Red Square is also used for rock concerts __THIS __ days. Performers such as Paul McCartney, Shakira and the Red Hot Chili Peppers have played there.
McCartneys band, The Beatles, was not allowed to play in Russia. McCartnev, however, was the __TWO __ Beatle to perform in Russia, after Ringo Starr played there in 1998.
Red Square is a city square in the centre of Moscow. It IS CONSIDER by some people to be the centre of all of Russia.
Its name DOES NOT COME from the red bricks that make up the square, nor from any connection to a type of government.
Rather, the word ‘red’ in Russian can also mean ‘beautiful’. As the square has grand and beautiful buildings, ITS appearance is indeed lovely.
Originally, the square WAS DESIGNED to be a market-place, but it has also been used for other purposes.
Official ceremonies HAVE TAKEN place there over the years, such as the crowning of tsars in past centuries.
Around the square, there ARE several important buildings, such as the Kremlin and St Basils Cathedral.
In 1990. Red Square BECAME a UNESCO World Heritage Site, along with the Kremlin.
Red Square is also used for rock concerts THESE days. Performers such as Paul McCartney, Shakira and the Red Hot Chili Peppers have played there.
McCartneys band, The Beatles, was not allowed to play in Russia. McCartnev, however, was the SECOND Beatle to perform in Russia, after Ringo Starr played there in 1998.
Задание 12 на лексико-грамматическую трансформацию
Почитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали контексту.
Задание Ответ
When Nick returned from his holiday, he met his friend Jill for a drink. She asked him if he had had a __RELAX __ time.
Nick said he’d really enjoyed swimming and visiting all the __ATTRACT __ but that it hadn’t all been perfect.
Because of this, Jill asked him what had made him __HAPPY __ during the trip.
‘You can’t __EASY
__ enjoy vourself when you’re sweating all the time,’ he said.
Jill reminded him that now he was back in London, where it was grey and __CLOUD __.
‘I know’ said Nick, ‘but __LUCKY __ I still have some sunburn from Thailand to keep me warm!’
When Nick returned from his holiday, he met his friend Jill for a drink. She asked him if he had had a RELAXING time.
Nick said he’d really enjoyed swimming and visiting all the ATTRACTIONS but that it hadn’t all been perfect.
Because of this, Jill asked him what had made him UNHAPPY during the trip.
Nick replied that he hadn’t really liked the hot weather.
‘You can’t EASILY
enjoy vourself when you’re sweating all the time,’ he said.
Jill reminded him that now he was back in London, where it was grey and CLOUDY .
‘I know’ said Nick, ‘but LUCKILY I still have some sunburn from Thailand to keep me warm!’
Статья опубликована при поддержке Компании «KIWI-ZONE». Компания KIWI-ZONE осуществляет поддержку и посредничество российским гражданам в вопросах связанных с бизнесом, покупкой недвижимости и туризмом в Новой Зеландии. А языковые школы Новой Зеландия прекрасно подойдут для людей желающих быстро освоить английский язык. Посетите официальный сайт Компании www.new-zeland.org и ознакомьтесь подробнее с предоставляемыми ею услугами.
Учебный план
№ газеты |
Учебный материал
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Лекция 1. Формат и структура ЕГЭ по английскому языку. |
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Лекция 2. Общие стратегии подготовки к ЕГЭ. |
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Лекция 3. Раздел ЕГЭ “Аудирование”. |
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Лекция 4.
Раздел ЕГЭ “Чтение”. |
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Лекция 5. Раздел ЕГЭ “Лексика и грамматика.” |
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Лекция 6.
Раздел ЕГЭ “Письмо”. |
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Лекция 7. Устная часть ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Монологическая речь. |
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Лекция 8. Устная часть ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Диалогическое высказывание. |
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Итоговая работа |
Лекция 5
Раздел ЕГЭ “Лексика и грамматика”
Система проверяемых знаний, навыков и умений. Типы тестовых заданий в ЕГЭ. Система упражнений для развития лексических и грамматических навыков.
Третий раздел письменной части ЕГЭ по английскому языку «Лексика и грамматика» оценивает сформированность достаточно широкого спектра лексико-грамматических навыков на основе употребления лексических и грамматических единиц в коммуникативно-ориентированных контекстах. Раздел состоит из трёх заданий, в объектах контроля и особенностях технологии выполнения которых нам предстоит разобраться в данной лекции. Прежде всего, обратим внимание на то, что все три задания строятся на основе связных текстов, с прочтения которых (после внимательного изучения инструкции) должна начинаться работа над каждым из субтестов. В отличие от заданий предыдущего раздела ЕГЭ чтение здесь является не целью, а средством проверки и необходимо для предварительной ориентации в тексте перед дальнейшей работой над его языковой стороной.
Задание № 1 раздела
«Грамматика и лексика» ЕГЭ
Проверяет умение использовать в соответствии с контекстом грамматические формы существительных, глаголов, прилагательных, наречий, местоимений, числительных. Тип задания - краткий ответ, для получения которого необходимо заполнить пропуски в тексте грамматически согласующимися с контекстом формами слов, представленных на полях справа от текста.
Приведём пример из демоверсии ЕГЭ 2007 г.
Albert Schweitzer,
a Nobel Peace Prize Winner
Albert Schweitzer is known throughout the world for his missionary work in Africa. He was born on January 14, 1875 in Alsace, which was part of Germany and __________Part of France after World War I. |
He was a talented person. By the age of thirty, he __________________ as an author, a lecturer, and a musician. |
It was at this time that he learned of the great need of medical doctors in Africa. He decided to become a doctor of medicine. In 1913, Doctor Schweitzer and his wife __________for Africa. |
The morning after the Schweitzers arrived, they started to treat their patients in an old farmhouse. However, a new hospital building __________________ with the help and the trust of the African people. |
Their work was interrupted by World War I. Only in 1924, Dr. Schweitzer was finally able to return to Lambarene to rebuild |
In 1953 Dr. Schweitzer _________________ the Nobel Peace Prize. |
He was grateful, but said, “No man has the right to pretend that he __________ enough |
WORK |
Из приведённого примера видно, что в данном задании учащиеся должны проявить навыки образования и употребления сравнительной степени прилагательных, пассивной формы глагола в Past Indefinite, глагола в активном залоге в Past Indefinite и Present Perfect. Однако в разных вариантах экзамена спектр объектов контроля может быть значительно шире. В спецификации ЕГЭ по иностранному языку в качестве объектов контроля в данном задании указаны следующие элементы содержания: 5.2.1., 5.2.2., 5.2.3., 5.2.4., 5.2.6. (см. Кодификатор элементов содержания ЕГЭ по английскому языку, лекция №1).
Данный тип тестового задания диктует следующий алгоритм его выполнения: после ознакомительного чтения целого текста для понимания его темы и логики развития повествования учащиеся приступают к внимательному прочтению последовательно каждого предложения и определению требуемого контекстом грамматического значения пропущенного слова. Далее необходимо образовать форму слова, передающую это значение, и вписать её в текст. Для проверки выполненного задания после заполнения пропусков следует ещё раз прочитать весь текст, чтобы убедиться, что смысл всех предложений восстановлен правильно и не нарушена логика текста.
Перед непосредственным выполнением тестового задания учащимся будет полезно проделать ряд подготовительных упражнений для усвоения на практике алгоритма его выполнения. Приведем примеры подобных упражнений из «Сборника тестов для подготовки к ЕГЭ» (изд-во Oxford: Macmillan Education).
TEST 1
Задание из теста:
Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика
Задание 1
Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски в предложениях под номерами
В4 - В11 соответствующими формами слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами справа от каждого предложения.
The Platypus
In the rivers of south-eastern Australia, you can find an animal called a ‘platypus’. The platypus is one of the __________ animals in the world. |
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It __________ only in Australia and belongs to a group of animals called ‘monotremes’. |
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When Europeans first saw an example of the animal in the 1700s, they __________ it was a joke. |
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They __________ anything like it before and they refused to believe that it was a real animal. |
NEVER SEE |
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A __________ example arrived from Australia, and then more, and the scientists realised that this unusual creature was real. |
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Today, the platypus __________ in the waters around south-east Australia. |
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It is not very rare, but some people worry that water pollution could be a problem as the water around Sydney gets __________. |
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We still __________ much about this mysterious animal and we have a lot to learn. |
[Key: B4. strangest, B5. exists, B6. thought, B7. had never seen, B8. second, B9. lives, B10. dirtier, B11. do not know / don’t know]
Подготовительные упражнения:
1. Quickly read the text and answer the questions.
Как уже было отмечено выше, тестовые задания № 1 в рассматриваемом разделе ЕГЭ оценивают умение использовать грамматические формы в цельном связном тексте, без понимания содержания которого невозможно определить значения отдельных его частей. Данное упражнение настраивает учащихся на прочтение целого текста перед тем, как приступать к работе над отдельными предложениями.
1. In which country can you find the platypus?
________________
2. Does the platypus live in other countries?
________________
3. When did Europeans first see the platypus?
________________
4. Is the platypus a rare animal?
________________
5. Do we know a lot about the platypus?
________________
2. Complete the table.
Может показаться, что данное упражнение не вызовет затруднений даже у самых слабых учащихся старших классов. Без сомнения, порядковые числительные в пределах первого десятка знают все. Однако обратим внимание на то, что упражнение призывает учащихся обратить внимание на орфографию слова. В разделе «Грамматика и лексика» неправильное написание слова (например, forth вместо fourth или nineth вместо ninth) ведёт за собой потерю балла за тестовый вопрос.
TEST 5
Задание из теста:
Задание 1
Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски в предложениях под номерами В4 - В11 соответствующими формами слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами справа от каждого предложения.
The Automobile
Cars are a common sight on roads today, but that wasn’t always true. Back in the days before the car ___________________, the only personal means of transport were the horse and the bicycle. |
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The first cars ____ their power from steam and gas, and had a maximum speed of around nine miles an hour. |
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In Britain, there was a law ________cars from going over 2 miles an hour in towns. |
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At the end of the nineteenth century, cars started to use petrol and became much ________________ than they had been. |
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Very few people at that time said that cars ______________ the world in the future. |
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That is exactly what has happened, though, and since then we ________close to 18 million miles of roads on the Earth. |
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Perhaps the _________________ sign of the success of the car is the fact that there are over 800 million of them in the world. |
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However, having more cars on the road ________________ more pollution, and that’s a major worry for many people. |
[Key: B4. was invented, B5. got, B6. stopping, B7. faster, B8. would change, B9. have built, B10. biggest, B11. means]
Подготовительные упражнения:
1. Read the text. For each gap in the text
B4 - B11
, decide whether the following statements are true or false.
Упражнение способствует тому, чтобы в данном типе задания перед заполнением пропусков в тексте учащиеся привыкали внимательно прочитывать предложение с пропуском, понимать его смысл и определять, какое грамматическое значение должно быть передано пропущенной единицей контекста.
1 (B4) We need the passive voice. |
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2 (B5) We need the past progressive to express a fact about the past. |
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3 (B6) We need the simple past because this is an action in the past. |
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4 (B7) |
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5 (B8) This is the future in the past, so we need to use would. |
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6 (B9) We need the past simple to go with since. |
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7 (B10) We need a comparative form using -er. |
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8 (B11)
We need a verb in the plural |
[Key: 1. T; 2. F; 3. F; 4. T; 5. T; 6. F; 7. F; 8. F]
2. Choose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence. Use the words in bold to help you.
Данное упражнение привлекает внимание учащихся к грамматическим формам и лексическим единицам контекста, которые служат сигналами, помогающими восстановить смысл предложения и правильно определить грамматическое значение пропущенного слова.
1. Since
the start of the 20th century, cars ______very popular.
A. became; B. have become; C. were becoming
2. Cars now are much ________________than
they used to be.
A. quick; B. quicker; C. quickest
3. In 1900, Mr. Daimler said
that in the future
everyone __________________a car.
A. drove; B. will drive; C. would drive
4. Driving
fast near schools ______________more chance of an accident.
A. mean; B. means; C. is meaning
[Key: 1. B; 2. B; 3. C; 4. B]
Задание № 2 раздела
«Грамматика и лексика» ЕГЭ
По своему дизайну первое и второе задание в рассматриваемом разделе экзамена одинаковы. Однако в задании №2 объектом контроля является умение использовать не формообразующие, а словообразовательные аффиксы английского языка (см. элемент содержания 5.3.1. кодификатора). Тип задания - краткий ответ, для получения которого необходимо заполнить пропуски в тексте лексически и грамматически согласующимися с контекстом словами, преобразуя с помощью словообразовательных элементов слова, представленные на полях справа от пропусков. После выполнения данного задания необходимо внести слова, вписанные в пропуски в тексте, в бланки ответов строго под соответствующими номерами (то же самое необходимо сделать по выполнении первого задания).
Tourism in Britain
Every year more than eleven million tourists visit Britain. In fact, tourism is an __________________ industry, employing thousands of people. |
IMPORTANCE |
Most ________________ come in the summer months when they can expect good weather. |
Tourists __________________ spend a few days in London, then go on to other well-known cities. |
Perhaps the least visited places in England are old ______________________ towns. |
INDUSTRY |
But many people think that nineteenth-century cities show the _________________of Britain. |
Приведённый пример (демонстрационный вариант 2007 г.) показывает, что в данном задании учащиеся должны образовать слово, а не форму слова (как это требуется в первой части раздела «Грамматика и лексика»): importance - important, usual - usually, industry - industrial и т.д. Как правило, здесь учащиеся оперируют только словообразовательными аффиксами, однако следует обратить внимание на то, что в некоторых (редких) случаях контекст может требовать использования и соответствующих формообразующих аффиксов: visit - visitors.
Данному типу тестового задания соответствует следующий алгоритм его выполнения:
1. Ознакомительное чтение целого текста для понимания его основного содержания (как и в первом задании, чтение выступает здесь как средство для дальнейшего восстановления пропущенных единиц).
2. Внимательное прочтение каждого предложения, восстановление по его смыслу значения пропущенной единицы, определение грамматической категории, к которой она принадлежит (какая часть речи пропущена?).
3. Использование соответствующего аффикса (или аффиксов) для образования нужной лексической единицы.
4. Прочтение текста после заполнения всех пропусков для проверки правильности его восстановления.
Знание словообразовательных аффиксов английского языка и навык их использования необходимы как в рецептивных, так и в продуктивных видах речевой деятельности. Развитию этой части лингвистического компонента коммуникативной компетенции учащихся следует уделять должное внимание на старшем этапе обучения в средней школе.
«Сборник тестов для подготовки к ЕГЭ» (изд-во Oxford: Macmillan Education) в каждом из включённых в его состав 20 тестов содержит задания, аналогичные приведённому нами примеру из демонстрационного варианта ЕГЭ 2007 г. Эти задания (а также сопровождающие их подготовительные упражнения) помогают учащимся вспомнить широкий спектр словообразовательных аффиксов, потренироваться в их использовании в коммуникативно-ориентированных контекстах, а также на практике освоить алгоритм выполнения задания в формате ЕГЭ.
Приведём пример одного из подобных заданий и подготовительных упражнений из упомянутого сборника.
TEST 2
Задание из теста:
Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика
Задание 2
Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами после номеров
B12 - B18 так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы
B12 - B18.
Before the ____________ of the hot air balloon, no human had ever successfully flown above the ground. |
||
Two ____________ brothers, Josef and Etienne Montgolfier, were responsible for designing the world’s first hot air balloon. |
||
The first successful ____________ was in 1783, and the Montgolfier brothers immediately |
||
became ______________ throughout the world. |
||
The design of hot air balloons is based on the _____________ law that hot air rises. A burner at the bottom of the balloon provides the |
||
As the air inside the balloon gets hotter, the balloon takes off. Its height above the ground is determined by how |
||
hot the air inside is and its |
Подготовительные упражнения:
Read the text with questions
B12 - B18
in Section 3. Grammar and vocabulary. For each gap, decide what kind of word (noun, adjective, etc.) fills each gap.
B12 _____________
B13 _____________
B14 _____________
B15 _____________
B16 _____________
B17 _____________
B18 _____________
[Key: B12. noun; B13. adjective; B14. noun; B15. adjective; B16. adjective; B17. noun; B18. noun]
Complete the table:
inventor |
||
fly |
||
director |
Задание № 3 раздела
«Грамматика и лексика» ЕГЭ
Объектом контроля в данном задании служат лексико-грамматические навыки. Тип задания - выбор ответа из четырёх предложенных. В задании требуется заполнить пропуски в тексте лексическими единицами, соответствующими контексту. После выполнения задания необходимо отметить выбранный вариант в части А бланка ответов (верхняя часть бланка) под соответствующим номером.
“It’s Only Me”
After her husband had gone to work, Mrs. Richards sent her children to school and went upstairs to her bedroom. She was too excited to do any housework A22
____________ that morning, because in the evening she would be going to a fancy dress party with her husband. She intended to dress up as a ghost and she had made her costume the night before.
Now she was A23
______________ to try it on. Though the costume consisted only of a sheet, it was very effective. Mrs. Richards put it A24
_________, looked in the mirror, smiled and went downstairs. She wanted to find out whether it would be
A25
___________ to wear.
Just as Mrs. Richards was entering the dining-room, there was a A26
____________________ on the front door. She knew that it must be the baker. She had told him to come straight in if ever she failed to open the door and to leave the bread on the kitchen table. Not wanting to A27
______________________ the poor man,
Mrs. Richards quickly hid in the small store-room under the stairs. She heard the front door open and heavy footsteps in the hall. Suddenly the door of the store-room was opened and a man entered. Mrs. Richards realized that it must be the man from the Electricity Board who had come to read the meter. She tried to A28
_________________________ the situation, saying “It’s only me”, but it was too late. The man let out a cry and jumped back several paces. When Mrs. Richards walked towards him, he ran away, slamming the door behind him.
A22
1) show; 2) performance; 3) party; 4) programme
A23
1) nervous; 2) restless; 3) ill at ease; 4) impatient
A24
1) up; 2) on; 3) over; 4) down
A25
1) attractive; 2) exciting; 3) comfortable; 4) cozy
A26
1) knock; 2) kick; 3) hit; 4) crash
A27
1) fear; 2) worry; 3) disturb; 4) frighten
A28
1) describe; 2) explain; 3) interpret; 4) clear
Из приведённого примера (демоверсия ЕГЭ 2007 г.) видно, что в данном задании оценивается знание и умение пользоваться лексико-грамматической сочетаемостью лексических единиц в контексте. Для успешного выполнения задания необходимо различать нюансы близких по значению лексических единиц и понимать, какое из этих значений востребовано контекстом. Кроме того, важно учитывать, с какими структурными языковыми единицами может сочетаться слово в контексте (предлогами, инфинитивом, герундием и т.д.)
Система тестовых заданий и подготовительных упражнений для совершенствования упомянутых лексико-грамматических навыков и умений, а также для знакомства с алгоритмом выполнения тестового задания представлена в упомянутом нами сборнике тестов для подготовки к ЕГЭ.
Приведём пример одного из заданий и упражнений к нему.
TEST 4
Задание из теста:
Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика
Задание 3
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами
А21 - А28. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям
А21 - А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.
How was Jackson going to A21
______________ rid of Simon? That was the question that had kept him awake for the previous three nights, and which he pondered as he now walked home from work. It had all started so innocently, as a favour to a friend.
‘Could you put me A22
_______________, Jackson?’ Simon had asked. ‘Just for a couple of nights.’ Jackson of course had said yes, thinking that it would be just for two nights. How wrong he had been.
Now, more than four months on, Simon was still in the flat and there seemed little evidence to suggest he was A23
______________ to leave. The evidence, in fact, pointed to quite the opposite conclusion. Simon seemed to have A24
________________ in so comfortably, Jackson wondered sometimes if it was actually Simon’s flat, and he, Jackson, was the one staying there as the guest.
Jackson knew he should A25 _
_____________ his feelings clear to Simon - that he valued his own privacy, that he didn’t want to live with someone else on a permanent basis, that he felt Simon was abusing his hospitality - but the truth was he was scared. Not scared of how Simon would react physically, but scared that Simon would take offence, and would A26
___________________ him of being selfish and not caring about a friend who was in trouble. And Simon was in trouble. With no job, no money and nowhere else to stay, where would Simon go if Jackson A27
________________ him out? ‘Maybe I am being selfish,’ Jackson thought, ‘but the situation just can’t go on like this.’
He made the decision to bring the subject up sometime that evening. ‘I won’t ask him to leave immediately,’ he reasoned. ‘That would be unfair, and would put him in a difficult A28
___________.
But I’ll explain that the whole arrangement was meant to be temporary, has gone on for a very
long time now, and that, while it’s been nice
having Simon as a flatmate it just can’t go on indefinitely.’
For the rest of the walk home, he rehearsed exactly what he was going to say.
A21
1) have; 2) get; 3) take; 4) set
A22
1) in; 2) out; 3) over; 4) up
A23
1) intending; 2) assuming; 3) devising;
4) conceiving
A24
1) settled; 2) established; 3) launched; 4) relaxed
A25
1) convey; 2) express; 3) make; 4) tell
A26
1) charge; 2) condemn; 3) blame; 4) accuse
A27
1) let; 2) sent; 3) threw; 4) did
A28
1) location; 2) position; 3) point; 4) site
[Key: A21. 2; A22. 4; A23.1; A24. 1; A25. 3; A26.4; A27. 3; A28.2]
Подготовительные упражнения:
1. Read the text with gaps
A21 - A28 in Section 3. Grammar and vocabulary and answer the questions.
В рассматриваемом тестовом задании особенно важно внимательно прочесть текст и понять смысл контекста для точного определения значений пропущенных слов. Данное упражнение формирует необходимое для выполнения задания умение прогнозировать содержание пропущенной части по окружающему контексту.
1. How was Jackson going to A21
____________ rid of Simon?
Jackson wants Simon to:
a. leave.
b. stay.
2. ‘Could you put me A22
_______________, Jackson?’
Simon is asking Jackson for:
a. financial help.
b. somewhere to stay.
3 …there seemed little evidence to suggest he was A23
_______________ to leave.
The word that fits in the gap probably means:
a. creating.
b. planning.
4 Simon seemed to have A24
________________in so comfortably…
This suggests that Simon was treating the flat as if:
a. it was his home.
b. he was a temporary guest.
5 Jackson knew he should A25
_______________his feelings clear to Simon…
Jackson knew he should:
a. tell Simon exactly how he felt.
b. change how he felt about Simon.
[Key: 1. a; 2. b; 3. b; 4. a; 5. a]
2. Circle the correct word to complete the patterns.
Знание и навык использования фразовых глаголов - один из объектов контроля в тестовом задании № 3 раздела «Грамматика и лексика» ЕГЭ. Именно этот навык необходим для правильного выбора ответа на тестовый вопрос А26 приведённого нами тестового задания из сборника тестов. В подготовительном упражнении внимание учащихся привлекается к тому, что выбор ответа зависит от содержащегося в контексте послелога.
1. charge someone with/for
(doing) something
2. condemn someone with/for
(doing) something
3. blame someone with/for
(doing) something
4. accuse someone for/of
(doing) something
[Key: 1. with; 2. for; 3. for; 4. of]
Контрольные вопросы:
1. Из каких заданий состоит раздел ЕГЭ «Грамматика и лексика»?
2. Какие навыки и умения являются объектами контроля в данных заданиях?
3. Каков алгоритм выполнения заданий в разделе?
4. Почему важно начинать каждое из заданий с прочтения текста, предъявляемого в задании?
5. Что необходимо знать и уметь для заполнения пропусков в текстах в первом задании, во втором задании, в третьем задании?
Тренировочные упражнения для подготовки к ЕГЭ
Грамматика и словообразование
Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Образуйте от слов в правой колонке однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически
и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами.
1.
Mr. Gray travelled a lot on business. He sold matches of various kinds to farmers. It (1)… really a very serious job, but Mr. Gray always (2)… in farming, and he (3)… quite with his life.He had a big car, and usually enjoyed driving it long distances, but he (4)… quite to go by train sometimes too, especially when the weather was bad. He (5)… a little of driving in rain or snow, and it (6)… less to sit comfortably in a train and look out of the window without (7)… about how one was going to get to the next place.
One of Mr. Gray’s frequent problems was where to stay when he reached some small place in the country. He didn’t expect great comfort and (8)… food, but he found it (9)… when he (10)… a cold room, and there was no hot water or good food after a long and tiring day.
Late one winter evening, Mr. Gray arrived at a small railway station. The journey by train that day (11)… at all, and Mr. Gray was cold, tired and hungry. He (12)… to a simple but (13)… meal by a (14)… burning fire, and then a hot bath and (15)… bed.
While he (16)… to the taxi rank, he said to a local man who was also walking there, “As this is my first visit to this part of the country and I was in too big a hurry (17)… about hotels before I left home, I would very much like to know how many you have here.”
The local man answered, “We have two.” “And which of the two would you advise me to go to?” Mr. Gray then asked. The local man scratched his head for a few moments and then answered, “Well, it’s like this: whichever one you go to, you’ll be sorry you (18)… to the other.”
not/excite
interest
satisfy
satisfy
frighten
be/tired
be/worry
wonder
annoy
give
not/be/interest
look forward
satisfy
bright
comfort
walk
find
not/go
2.
RESTAURANT GUIDEThe (1)… thing about dining at the beach is that nothing is ordinary. Whether it’s fine cuisine or fast food (2)… to your room, the (3)… for your taste buds is so intense, that everything is (4)… The ordinary have long since gone out of business.
It’s not just because salt air and sunshine do wonders for the appetite, although that helps, it’s because busy restaurants have (5)… food and because (6)… restaurants bring to the table not just food, but the reputation of the (7)… and (8)…
Successful restaurants can also afford to advertise and they understand that they need to help you (9)… what kind of restaurant they are and where they (10)…
This directory of (11)… restaurants will help you cut through the clutter to find the (12)… value for the (13)… cuisine.
Whether it’s chicken and ribs, shrimp or submarine sandwiches delivered to your room or the (14)… seafood, steaks or continental cuisines, the restaurants are the (15)… leaders at the beach. Bon appétit!
one
deliver
compete
ordinary
fresh
success
own
manage
cover
locate
known
good
good
fine
knowledge
3.
Dear Victor,Welcome to Virginia Beach, the (1)… city in the Commonwealth of Virginia and the (2)… largest resort city!
During your stay, I hope you (3)… the opportunity to visit a few of the (4)… attractions our City has to offer. From (5)… beautiful beaches to historical sites, we believe you (6)… something of interest and (7)… for your entire family.
The Navy’s master jet base, Oceana Naval Air Station, and the Army’s Fort Story and Camp Pendleton are major assets. In (8)…, your stay will not be complete without a visit to the (9)… expanded Virginia Marine Science Museum, the (10)… popular in the state. The museum offers a huge open-ocean aquarium, as well as (11)… hands-on exhibits and The Family Channel Imax 3-D Theatre. We are also proud to have the new and magnificent Virginia Beach Amphitheatre. This facility will present over 30 concerts every year.
We have many quality restaurants for your (12)… pleasure, as well as excellent (13)…, (14)…, (15)…, and tennis – they all offer a day of (16)… and (17)…
We hope you will have an (18)… stay in Virginia Beach!
Yours John.
large
world
take
interest
find
enjoy
add
new
much
educate
dine
shop
golf
fish
entertain
enjoy
enjoy
4.
VIRGINIAVirginia (1)… as the image for the American way of life from the mid-1700’s to the mid-1800’s. It was the (2)…, the (3)…, and the (4)… of the original thirteen (5)… Eight states (6)… from its original territory. Called the “Old Dominion” because it was the oldest of the English colonies, Virginia is also nicknamed “Mother of Presidents” because eight US Presidents were born there, more than from any other state.
The (7)… permanent English settlers (8)… at Jamestown in 1607, thirteen years before the Mayflower reached the continent. Contrary to popular belief, on December 4, 1619, early Virginia settlers observed the first official Thanksgiving in America at Berkeley Plantation. In 1619, the first (9)… body in the New World, the Virginia General Assembly, convened at Jamestown, (10)… the beginning of (11)… government in the Western Hemisphere.
Gradually, discontent grew over the laws (12)… by the English Parliament without consent of the colonists. On August 1, 1774, the First Virginia Convention met in Williamsburg, without official consent from the Royal Governor. On March 23, 1775, at St. John’s Church in Richmond. Patrick Henry made his eloquent plea for freedom: “Is life so dear or peace so sweet as to be (13)… by the chains of slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take, but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!”
Virginia’s George Washington, as Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army, led the battle for (14)… The struggle (15)… at Yorktown in 1781, when Lord Cornwallis (16)… to Washington in the last battle of the Revolutionary War, and a new nation (17)…
serve
large
more populate
more prosper
colony
form
one
arrive
legislate
mark
represent
pass
purchase
depend
end
surrender
born
5.
VIRGINIAIn 1861, Virginia (1)… from the Union and became a major battleground of the Civil War. Most of the South’s (2)… military leaders were Virginians: Robert E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson, Joseph E. Johnson, and Jeb Stuart. The (3)… Southern victories were won on Virginia soil: First and Second Manassas (Bull Run), Fredericksburg, and Chancellorsville. More battles (4)… in Virginia than in any other state as Union armies (5)… tried to seize the Confederate capital of Richmond and the supply corridor in the Shenandoah Valley. In 1862, the (6)… battle between ironclad warships, the Monitor and Merrimack, (7)… in Hampton Roads. The Civil War (8)… at Appomattox Court House, April 9, 1865, when General Lee and General Grant (9)… the terms of surrender. In 1870 Virginia (10)… to the Union and (11)… began.
Virginia’s “(12)… Fathers” helped make our nation what it is today. Thomas Jefferson (13)… The Declaration of Independence. The Bill of Rights (14)… by George Mason’s First Declaration of Human Rights. James Madison was the (15)… author of the US. Constitution, (16)… him the title “Father of the Constitution.” (17)… George Rogers Clark, William Clark, and Meriwether Lewis opened up the territory west of the Mississippi for future (18)… James Monroe’s Monroe Doctrine guaranteed (19)… of the Americas against Europeans interference. John Marshall, the greatest Chief Justice of the US, established a (20)… Supreme Court and a strong (21)… (22)… Booker T. Washington became a (23)… leader of his race and made great strides in education. In November 1989, Lawrence Douglas Wilder became the nation’s first elected black (24)…
secede
stand
great
fight
repeat
one
occur
end
negotiate
admit
reconstruct
found
write
frame
prime
earn
explore
settle
depend
power
nation
govern
recognize
g overn
6.
VIRGINIAVirginia may have more history to offer than any other state, but it is also a scenic and (1)… paradise, with thousands of acres set aside statewide for (2)…, state, and national parks, forests, battlefields, and monuments. The (3)… and beautiful scenery along the Blue Ridge Mountains (4)… the entire length of the state. Visitors drive the 105-mile-long Skyline Drive through Shenandoah National Park, then continue on the almost 500-mile-long Blue Ridge Parkway that (5)… at Great Smoky Mountains National Park in North Carolina. The (6)… beautiful mountains of Virginia offer spectacular flora and fauna, waterfalls, hiking trails, camping areas, quaint lodging (7)…, great limestone caverns, warm springs, ski resorts, the (8)… and tranquil Shenandoah Valley, the Appalachian Trail, the Shenandoah River, and the mountain crafts and fiddlers of Southwestern Virginia.
Central and Eastern Virginia have as much to offer the (9)…: historic Fredericksburg, the capital city of Richmond, colonial Williamsburg, Jamestown and Yorktown, metropolitan northern Virginia, adjacent to Washington D. C., (10)… homes, theatres and museums, Indian (11)…, James River plantations, the salt marshes of the Eastern Shore. Enjoy the seashore at Virginia Beach, go (12)… and (13)… on the Chesapeake Bay, eat (14)… crab cakes on Tangier Island, relax and reminisce in a small fishing village, and attend the wild pony round-up at Chincoteague and Assateague.
Come and enjoy the uncommon beauty and history of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Walk the streets of the past and reflect on the old ideas that (15)… this country. Virginia is for lovers! Whatever you love is here. Search for it from the mountains to the sea.
recreate
region
peace
stretch
end
strike
facility
charm
tour
president
reserve
fish
sail
taste
form
7 .
CHAIRSThe (1)… of the chairs is reserved for the chairman;
The (2)… is being kept for the next M. D.;
The (3)… is reserved for the Finance Director;
And the (4)… (I hope) is for me!
First plan
When I (5)… on the seven-o-one
With the chaps from the firm, we (6)… great fun.
We scan the old FT (Financial Times)
To check the (7)… interest rates
And how the market fluctuates
And where our funds should be.
And when we’ve filled in 3 Across
And made some jokes about the boss,
To universal glee,
We grab a cab at Charing Cross
And (8)… Potters Quay.
I’m the top fund manager at Pinchbecks –
To be frank, I’m a pretty big cheese;
I’m a whizz with unit trusts, and
I have got some plans for Dockland.
So everything (9)… like a breeze.
Second plan
When I (10)… Chairman, or M. D.,
I (11)… a really hostile bid
For Barclays or the TSB,
And match my rivals quid for quid.
And when they say, “He’s off his tree,”
I’ll do what all those big boys did,
And hit them with a left and right
That no one could foresee …
Actual plan
I thought it was all hunky-dory, (very good)
And I felt a most wonderful glow.
Then they said they were terribly sorry;
They (12)… to let me go.
I (13)… of turning consultant,
Or living in Paris, or Rome;
But at sixty does anyone want me?
I might as well sit here at home.
one
two
three
four
get
late
head
launch
have
think
8.
221b and Sherlock Holmes“I have it here in my museum” said Sherlock Holmes in the “Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle.”
The (1)… of the Sherlock Holmes Museum to the public on 27 March 1990 was an event which should have happened several decades earlier. 221b Baker Street is, after all, the world’s (2)… address because of its long (3)… with the great detective.
People (4)… to Sherlock Holmes and to his friend Doctor Watson for the last 100 years, but now it is possible to see where and how they (5)… in Victorian times! The famous study which Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson shared for almost 25 years is on (6)… floor overlooking Baker Street, but before (7)… the house, ask yourself which of these (8)… of visitors you would place yourself in:
– You (9)… about Sherlock Holmes and you (10)… one or two films about his exploits (probably the “Hound of the Baskervilles”) yet you know very little about the great detective himself. You are probably visiting out of curiosity.
– You know a great deal about Sherlock Holmes! You’ve read the books, you’ve seen all his films on TV and you are an (11)… of the famous detective. You’d like to visit his rooms to see if they are quite as you imagined
– You are an expert – an absolute authority on Sherlockiana! You can discuss and debate with the best of them, (12)… read and re-read all sixty of the original stories (13)… by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and those written by others you may even (14)… one yourself! You must visit the museum if only to find errors or omissions. You will praise, you will criticize and you will have a lot of fun doing both.
– Whatever category you belong to, you are sure to find a visit to the museum a (15)… experience. Please sign the visitors’ book, take photographs wherever you wish (the maid will be pleased to assist) and when you are ready to leave, you may find yourself (16)… that you could hail a horse-drawn hansom cab to take you home!
open
famous
associate
write
live
one
enter
category
hear
see
admire
have
write
write
memory
wish
9.
Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson (1)… at 221b Baker Street from about 1881–1904. 221b was on the (2)… floor of a (3)… house, Mrs. Hudsom was the landlady. There were 17 steps from the ground floor hallway to the first floor study which Holmes and Watson (4)… Holmes’ bedroom was at the rear, (5)… the study.We know from Dr. Watson’s descriptions that the study (6)… Baker Street “(7)… by two broad windows” and that it was quite small: on one occasion, Holmes (8)… from his bedroom and (9)… one spring across the study to close the curtains and on another occasion, a man who entered their study was so large he almost filled (10)… “little room”.
There are many other details and illustrations of the rooms in the adventures which first (11)… in the Strand Magazine in 1891 and visitors will recognize these while (12)… around the house.
Doctor Watson’s bedroom was on the (13)… floor next to Mrs. Hudson’s room and it overlooked an open yard at the rear of the house. These rooms (14)… today as exhibit rooms. In Dr. Watson’s room, visitors can browse through literature, paintings, photographs and newspapers of the period while in Mrs. Hudson’s room; the centre stage (15)… by a magnificent bronze bust of Mr. Holmes. Memorabilia from the adventures and a selection of letters written to and from Mr. Holmes are also on display in this room.
The Museum’s interesting and rather quaint souvenir shop (16)… on the (17)… floor where the maids used to live. Here you will find a unique (18)… of gifts, ceramics, objects d’art, figures, busts, prints, books, playing cards, tee-shirts, deerstalkers etc. – all (19)… exclusively to Museum (20)…
Mrs. Hudson’s restaurant on the ground floor offers delicious Victorian cuisine.
Thousands of people all over the world write to Sherlock Holmes, they form clubs and societies in his honour, they celebrate his anniversaries and now at long last they can even visit him.
Such is the stuff of which legends are made!
live
one
lodge
share
adjoin
overlook
illuminate
emerge
take
they
publish
walk
two
use
take
locate
three
collect
avail
visit
1 0 .
AUDIO-GUIDED TOURDial “play” to find out how to use the AUDIO-guide.
If you dial the number of the room (1)… in the circle on the plan) and press “play” you (2)… the commentary about the room.
In order to hear the (3)… about an artwork, dial the number, (4)… on a label with the symbol of the audio-guide near the (5)… or sculpture. Then press the “play” key.
In order to hear the commentary about the main staircase, dial “1” and press the “play” key.
The audio-guide (6)… only inside the museum, which is why you must not forget to return it. (7)… the audio-guide outside the premises of the museum (8)… off the security alarm.
indicate
hear
comment
indicate
paint
work
take
set
1 1 .
THE GROTTONo visit to Portland (1)… without a trip to The Grotto – the (2)… renowned Catholic sanctuary that welcomes more than 150,000 guests of all faith each year. Visitors are delighted to discover this (3)… 62-acre retreat near the center of the city. Lush green firs tower over (4)… rhododendron and other native Pacific Northwest flora as you walk toward the central plaza and the heart of the sanctuary – Our Lady’s Grotto – a magnificent rock cave (5)… into the base of a 110-foot cliff. A marble replica of Michelangelo’s famous Pieta (6)… in its center.
While the plaza level with (7)… chapel, gift shop and (8)… rock grotto is an (9)… experience, many visitors never realize there (10)… even more to see on the unique grounds above. The (11)… views are well worth the small elevator fee to the top.
complete
international
peace
colour
carve
feature
impress
inspire
credible
1 2 .
THE GROTTO / The (1)… LevelThe manicured gardens of the upper level offer (2)… panoramic vistas of the Columbia River Valley, the Cascade Range and famous Mount St. Helens. Especially (3)… is the 180 floor-to- ceiling view through the (4)… glass wall of the (5)… Meditation Chapel, (6)… on the cover of Architecture magazine. Other highlights include the Servite Monastery, a life-sized bronze of St. Francis of Assisi, the streams and (7)… ponds of the Peace Garden and the Via Matris, (8)… superb examples of wood sculpture.
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NEPTUNE festival, Virginia BeachSummer in Virginia Beach is a season full of surfboards and sunshine, bare feet and boardwalk strolls. It’s also a cause for (1)…
Rather than let summer fade (2)… into fall, this ocean-side community throws the (3)… party around – the Neptune Festival.
Lasting from September 6 through 28, the festival brings (4)… own brand of maritime magic to the beach, with hundreds of activities, contests, (5)… and other events.
Festival days turn into festival nights (6)… with balls, galas, receptions, and fireworks – (7)… from the 14th Street Pier and set to music.
The mainstay of Boardwalk Weekend is the Arts and Crafts Show. To the delight of thousands, this juried show lines the beach with the work of skilled artists and craftsmen. (8)… the tone for the entire weekend is a (9)… schedule of musical (10)… performed live on three stages. Other events include a youth day, treasure hunt, cheerleading (11)…, volleyball tournament and sand games.
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First Landing/Seashore State Park (1)… right here in Virginia Beach (2)… of about 3000 acres. The park provides a protected area where many species of flora and fauna are (3)…, and where visitors can observe them in (4)… natural (5)… Rabbits, squirrels, and raccoons are just some of the animals you may encounter. There is also an abundance of different species of crabs, oysters and frogs. The bird population is abundant as well, with osprey, great blue herons, egrets, owls and pelicans, just to name a few. Some (6)… visitors (7)… also the gray foxes that make this park their homes.There are also numerous activities and facilities to enjoy, from hiking to biking, to picnicking, camping, boating and fishing. (8)… for all trails (9)… in both directions so there will always be a description for which way you are going. The park’s only (10)… on hiking is that you stay on the marked paths.
So if you (11)… to do something a little different away from the beach and the sun, take a trip to First Landing/Seashore State Park. The Park is open (12)… from 8am until dusk. The Visitors Center is open from 9am until 4 pm, April 1 – Oct. 31. The main entrance (13)… off Route 60 and is only a 10 min. drive from the oceanfront. The Visitors Center is ½ mile from the main entrance. There is also an (14)… on 64th Street off Atlantic Ave. A (15)… fee of $2 per vehicle on week days and $3 on weekends will be charged April to Oct.; from Nov. to Mar., the parking fee is $1. For (16)… information call the main office.
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SIGHTSEE THROUGH HISTORYStart your visit to (1)… Plymouth at Plymouth National Wax Museum on Cole’s Hill, (2)… Plymouth Rock. More than 180 life-size figures in 26 scenes tell the Pilgrim story. Just a few steps away is Plymouth Rock. A full-scale (3)… of the original ship, Mayflower II, (4)… next to Plymouth Rock. You will also want to spend a day or two in 1627 at Plymouth Plantation, one of this country’s great historic (5)… Talk with the Plantation’s renowned costumed interpreters as they present a view of 17th century life that will astound and delight. Begin at the Visitor Center for (6)… and special exhibits.
At America’s (7)… museum, Pilgrim Hall, see the actual artifacts (8)… on the Mayflower. Wonder at heroic-sized paintings of the Pilgrims and the (9)… landing, and the only extant “bones” of a 16th century ship. On a hilltop overlooking Plymouth is the National Monument to the Forefathers. Built in 1889, this 81-foot memorial (10)… to the virtues that brought the Pilgrims to the New World.
The history of the nation may (11)… through the four centuries of Plymouth architecture. The 1667 Howland House is the only house left (12)… in Plymouth where Pilgrims actually lived. The 1640 Sparrow House is Plymouth’s oldest historic home. Today, reproduction and contemporary pottery (13)… on the premises. At the 1667 Harlow Old Fort House, visitors learn about (14)… life and try spinning, weaving and other period crafts.
Heirlooms and antique toys furnish the 1749 Spooner House, the family home for generations of Spooners. The stately 1809 Hedge House, built by a (15)… maritime family, is now headquarters for the Plymouth Antiquarian Society and features (16)… exhibits. The 1749 Court House, at Town Square, is the oldest (17)… courthouse in America and features period artifacts and exhibits. The 1754 Mayflower Society House is headquarters for the General Society of Mayflower Descendants and (18)… with three centuries of antiques. Nearby historic homes include the 1808 King Caesar House and the 1808 Capt. Gershom Bradford House in Duxbury and the 1699 Isaac Winslow House in Marshfield.
Colonial Lantern Tours offers guided evening (19)… tours of the original Plantation site and historic district complete with punched tin lanterns. Or take a self-guided Walking Tour of Plymouth past historic sites along the waterfront and downtown Plymouth. There’s also Happy Trails Historic Van Tours, which offers a three-hour van tour of Plymouth (20)… all landmarks and Mayflower II. Located behind First Church in Town Square is Burial Hill, the oldest marked burial site of the Pilgrims. The site (21)… a panorama of Plymouth steeples and spires as well as Plymouth Harbor. Up from Town Brook, off Summer Street, you will find the 1636 Jenney Grist Mill, a recreation of America’s first mill (22)… a working waterwheel for grinding corn meal.
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1 6 . Word Formation
PLYMOUTH is the heart of cranberry country. Ocean Spray Cranberry World on the Plymouth waterfront is a unique and free exhibit (1)… the history, (2)… and uses of the native American berry. Visit the (3)… kitchen and sample cranberry products. Open (4)… May – November. Group tour (5)… required.Plymouth Bay Winery, next to Splashdown Tours on the waterfront, offers free (6)… tours and (7)… tastings of cranberry and other fruit wines.
(8)… around Plymouth is easy. Just climb aboard the all-weather Plymouth Rock Trolley for a 40-minute narrated tour connecting all points of interest and major (9)… Enjoy (10)… reboarding privileges for the entire day.
Plymouth’s 300 and more lakes and ponds offer still more (11)… Or try biking (local rentals available) or (12)… the trails in Myles Standish State Forest or along the Cape Cod Canal. Both are just a short drive from downtown.
For a scary good time, try M. T. Coffin’s Ghost Theatre, (13)… by Godey’s. You’ll enjoy (14)… storytelling of (15)… events!
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FOR ADDED FAMILY FUNAt Super Sports Family Golf Center, you’ll enjoy action-packed adventure, fun rides, miniature golf, arcade games, golf driving range and your (1)… activities. In nearby Carver is Edaville Railroad, a family-fun park with a (2)… narrow-gauge railway. Many area golf courses (3)… to the public, (4)… the region’s newest, Waverly Oaks Golf Course. There’s also Atlantic Country Club with an 18-hole championship course. Hoyt’s Cinema at (5)… Mall has 14 screens (6)… first-run movies day and night.
THE (7)… THANKSGIVING
As the site of the first Thanksgiving, Plymouth is still (8)… (9)… with America’s premier family holiday. The November visitors will find a host of interesting activities to celebrate the occasion, (10)… America’s Hometown Thanksgiving (11)…, featuring a parade with floats and musical groups from all over the country. Many activities are scheduled on the weekends leading up to Thanksgiving.
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A DAY ON THE WATERCapt. John Boats has New England’s (1)… Whale Watch cruise with sightings on over 99% of trips since 1977. Clean, modern vessels depart Plymouth Harbor throughout the day (including a sunset Whale Watch Cruise). Your (2)… food and beverages (3)… in the climate-controlled main cabin while research scientists provide (4)… narration. Capt. John also provides full- and half-day deep sea fishing excursions sure to please the (5)… as well as the experienced angler. Capt. John also operates a Provincetown Ferry which departs at 10am, in season, from State Pier. If you’ve only got an hour or so, climb aboard the paddle-wheeler Pilgrim Belle for a Plymouth Harbor Cruise and get a mariner’s view of Mayflower II, Plymouth Rock, the (6)… harbor, (7)… two lighthouses and learn the most (8)… sea stories afloat. Evening theme cruises aboard the Pilgrim Belle are also available.
There’s also Capt. Tim Brady & Sons, which takes you deep sea and sport fishing, whale watching and on (9)… harbor cruises aboard the Mary Elizabeth.
Try a “hands-on” experience with Lobster Tales, located at Town Wharf. This one-hour excursion takes you to haul lobster traps and learn all about (10)… and the historic harbor.
Hy-Line Cape Cod Canal Cruises offers (11)… two- or three-hour narrated sight-seeing cruises through Cape Cod’s famous waterway and a variety of music cruises.
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WESTMINSTER ABBEYAn (1)… masterpiece of the (2)… to sixteenth centuries, Westminster Abbey also presents a unique pageant of (3)… history – the Confessor’s Shrine, the tombs of Kings and Queens, and countless memorials to the famous and the great. It (4)… the (5)… for every Coronation since 1066 and for numerous other Royal occasions. Today it is still a church (6)… to regular worship and to the (7)… of great events in the life of the nation. Neither a cathedral nor a parish church, Westminster Abbey is a “royal peculiar” under the (8)… of a Dean and Chapter, subject only to the Sovereign.
Buried in the North Aisle of the Chapel of Henry VII is Elizabeth Tudor (died 1603). She (9)… in the same vault as (10)… half-sister Mary. The monument contains a white marble effigy which is a (11)… likeness of the queen. The great glory of the Henry VII Chapel – completed in 1519 -- is the vaulted roof, an outstanding example of this spectacular Tudor Style of architecture. Since 1725, the Chapel (12)… as the Chapel of the Order of the Barth. Gaily coloured banners, crests and mantling of the Knights adorn the 16th century wooden stalls, beneath the seats of which (13)… beautifully misericords. Behind the Altar (14)… Henry VII and his consort, Elizabeth of York. (15)… monument is by the Italian sculptor Torrigiani.
At the east end is the Royal Air Force Chapel. The (16)… coloured memorial window incorporates the crests of the 68 Fighter Squadrons which, in 1940, took part in the Battle of Britain.
Chapel of St Edward the Confessor. The Abbey (17)… 28 December, 1065. Its (18)…, the (19)… King Edward, (20)… too ill to be present and died a few days afterwards.
Two hundred years (21)… Henry III began (22)… the Abbey to house a shrine worthy of the Saint. It is this building you see today. Buried near the shrine are five Kings and four Queens.
The oak Coronation Chair (23)… for King Edward I by Master Walter of Durham. It (24)… to hold the ancient stone of Scone seized from the Scots in 1296.
Location. At the south end of Whitehall and (25)… onto Parliament Square, Westminster Abbey and the nearby Palace of Westminster, (26)… well by public transport.
Nearest stations are: Rail – Victoria and Waterloo; Underground – St. James’s Park and Westminster. Numerous bus services run to Parliament Square and Victoria Station.
For Coronations the chair (27)… to a position in the Sanctuary. Since 1308 it has been used at the Coronation of every sovereign. Only two (Edward V and Edward VIII) (28)… never.
The tomb to which Poets’ Corner owes (29)… origin is that of Geoffrey Chau с er, the (30)… great English poet. He was buried in the Abbey with a simple memorial in 1400. The present more imposing tomb (31)… in 1556.
The Sanctuary is the focal point of the Abbey’s architecture and of its life today is the High Altar, framed by three thirteenth century tombs, medieval wall (34)… and a masterpiece of Italian Renaissance painting.
All this, and more, can (35)… by visitors to the Royal Chapel.
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2 0 .
THE ABBEY LIFE AND WITNESS TODAYNine hundred years ago, Westminster Abbey (1)… a Benedictine Monastery, offering the (2)… Benedictine hospitality to (3)… visitors. Today, it has to seek new ways of (4)… a hospitable welcome to the millions of (5)… who come to it every year from all parts of the world. Worship and (6)… remain the primary function of the Abbey community. An (7)… ministry of preaching and teaching, within the Abbey itself and in the (8)… world, (9)… here. Concern for society and for individuals (10)… on a new importance in the complex world of the 20th century.
A priest is available to visitors and others in the Abbey for the (11)… part of every day and he (12)… to speak to those who approach him. Every hour he conducts a brief act of prayer for the world and its needs; you (13)… to share in this.
Most of (14)… visitors can spend only a short time in the Abbey, but those who are able to share in our worship and prayer make a most (15)… contribution to the (16)… witness of this great church.
Two side chapels are always available for private prayer. These are St. George’s Chapel, just inside the Great West Door and St. Faith’s Chapel, with access from the East Cloister.
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