Подготовка к егэ по английскому грамматика. Раздел «Лексика и грамматика» в ЕГЭ по английскому языку

Данный раздел состоит из трех заданий.

Максимальное количество баллов за верное выполнение всех заданий – 20 баллов.

Задания 19 – 25 (базовый уровень)

Задание на образование грамматических форм.

За каждый правильный ответ вы получите 1 балл.

Максимальное количество баллов – 7 баллов.

Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19 — 25 , так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19 – 25 .

Christmas trees

19 One Christmas Eve the trees in а wood were very unhappy. They wished

very much to make Christmas stay, but they _____________ how to do so. NOT KNOW

“We are so bare,” complained one tree. “If we only had our pretty green

summer dresses,” said other trees.

20 “Hush, children, hush,” whispered North Wind in а gentle voice, which

was unusual for the ___________ of all winds. “Go to sleep.” While they BAD

slept something happened.

21 When the trees awoke they found that someone, perhaps North Wind,

had cast over each of _________ а lovely soft cloak of spotless feathery ТНЕУ

Seagull problem

22 The councillors of Dumfries, Scotland, are determined to do something

about the seagull problem. Dumfries is the _________ town in the region THREE

invaded bу seagulls which attack people. The birds protect their nests.

23 Local authorities declared that next spring special anti-gull “task-force”

The gull nests. “Seagulls are а menace to Scottish towns,” said DESTROY

Environment Minister Michael Russell.

24 “Recently , they ________ aggressive to other birds, pets and even BECOME

25 Councillor Jack Groom said the time for talk was over, adding that it

was time for action before ___________ people were hurt bу the gulls. MANY

Ответы кзаданиям 19 – 25 запишите в поле ответа в тексте работы, а затем перенесите в бланк ответов № 1. Ответы записываются в виде слова или нескольких слов БЕЗ пробела, например: WAS INVENTED .

— во время первого прочтения просмотрите весь текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание;

— определите, в каком времени идет повествование (настоящем, прошедшем или будущем)

— обратите внимание, есть ли в тексте прямая речь, для того чтобы правильно применить правило согласования времен в английском языке;

— во время второго прочтения определите, какую грамматическую форму надо вставить в пропуск:

существительное (ед. / мн. число, притяжательный падеж)
глагол (личная /неличная форма)
прилагательное (сравнительная степень – сигналом будет наличие в тексте слов than , much , far или превосходная степень – сигналом будет наличие артикля the )
числительное (количественное или порядковое – сигналом будет наличие артикля the )

— обратите внимание на особенности правописания выбранной вами формы слова, например, one – the first; happy – the happiest, etc.

Работа над лексикой:

spotless – без единого пятнышка, чистый, безупречный (spot+less)

feathery [´feðəri] – легкий, как перо, воздушный, тонкий

councillor (council+lor – BrEng; council+or – AmEng) – советник

Dumfries – Дамфрис (город в Шотландии)

menace [´menis] – угроза, опасность

Задания 26 – 31 (повышенный уровень сложности)

Задания на контроль лексико-грамматических (словообразовательных) навыков.

Максимальный балл – 6 баллов.

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26 – 31 , однокоренные слова, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26 – 31 .

White monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal

26 Тhе ancient city of Vladimir was founded in 1108 bу the Kiev Prince

Vladimir Monomach. It contains an important group of monuments.

The Cathedral of the Assumption was intended to bе the _________ RELIGION

centre of all Russia.

27 It was built in the town Kremlin as а single-domed structure with the

façade __________ for its carved reliefs. REMARK

28 Most of the 12th-century frescoes were destroyed bу Mongols, but new

mural __________ were added in 1408 bу Andrei Rublev and Daniil PAINT

Chernii, in particular the famous Last Judgment.

29 Suzdal, which lies some 25 km north of Vladimir, was the site of а

In the 9 th and 10 th centuries, which became а fortress. А posad, SETTLE

which was housing craftsmen and shopkeepers, developed around it.

30 Within, dominating the whole town stands the Cathedral of the Nativity

with its five-domed top and Golden Doors. The interior __________ is DECORATE

important in Russian art.

31 The buildings in Vladimir and Suzdal have been the centre of ________ CULTURE

tourism for several decades and а good deal of restoration has been carried

Ответы кзаданиям 26 - 31 запишите в виде слова бланк ответов № 1.

— определите, какой частью речи должно быть слово, пропущенное в тексте;

— подумайте, нужно ли его употребить в положительном или отрицательном значении на месте пропуска;

— вспомните типичные для данной части речи аффиксы и преобразуйте написанное ЗАГЛАВНЫМИ буквами слово;

— запишите полученное слово, обращая внимание на орфографические особенности его написания.

Работа над лексикой:

craftsman – ремесленник

shopkeeper – лавочник

façade – фасад здания

dome – купол

carved relief – резной рельеф

mural = fresco – настенная живопись, фреска

the Cathedral of Assumption [ə´sʌmpʃən] – Успенский Собор

the Cathedral of the Nativity – Храм Рождества Христова

Last Judgment [´ʤʌʤment] – Страшный Суд

Задания 32 – 38 (повышенный уровень сложности)

Лексическое задание на множественный выбор

Максимальный балл – 7 баллов

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32 – 38. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32 – 38 , в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианта ответа.

Childhood memories

I was told my father was killed in the war. Whenever I questioned my mother about his death, she didn"t 32 _______ any more than that he had been killed fighting on the Western Front only days before the peace treaty with Germany was signed. Grandma said my dad had been а brave man, and once when we were 33 ________ in the house she showed me his medals. My grandpa rarely 34 ________ an opinion on anything, but then he was hard of hearing so he might not have heard the question in the first place.

The only man I can 35 ________ was my uncle Stan who used to sit at the top of the table at breakfast time. When he left in the morning, I 36 _______ to follow him to the city docks where he worked. Every day I spent at the dockyard was an adventure. Cargo ships came from distant lands and unloaded their wares: rice, sugar, bananas and many other things I’d never heard of. Once the holds had been emptied, the dockers would load them with salt, tin, 37 _______ coal (my least favourite because it was an obvious clue to what I’ve been doing all day and annoyed my mother), before they set off again. I always wanted to help my uncle Stan unload 38 _______ ship had docked that morning but he just laughed, saying “All in good time, my lad.” It couldn"t bе soon enough for me.

32 1) talk 2) speak 3) tell 4) say

Ответ :

33 1) single 2) only 3) lonely 4) alone

Ответ :

34 1) offered 2) proposed 3) requested 4) invited

Ответ :

35 1) recover 2) repeat 3) remember 4) remind

Ответ:

36 1) used 2) kept 3) held 4) made

37 1) still 2) even 3) just 4) yet

38 1) whatever 2) wherever 3) whenever 4) whoever

Ответы к заданиям 32 – 38 запишите в виде одной цифры в поле ответа в тексте работы, а затем не забудьте перенести их в бланк ответов № 1.

— во время первого прочтения прочитайте весь текст до конца, чтобы уловить его общее содержание;

— во время второго прочтения особое внимание обратите на сочетаемость лексических единиц характерную в английском языке, поэтому во время подготовки к экзамену учите как можно больше идиом, устойчивых словосочетаний и фразовых глаголов, типичных для английского языка;

— помните, что грамматическая конструкция влияет на выбор правильного варианта ответа;

— при выполнении заданий 32 – 38 нужно помнить о различиях в значении и употреблении синонимов;

— во время подготовки к экзамену выписывайте и изучайте все предложенные варианты ответа, увеличивая тем самым свой словарный запас.

Работа над лексикой:

to talk – говорить, беседовать, вести переговоры

to speak – говорить, разговаривать, выступать с речью/докладом, владеть языками

to tell – рассказывать, сказать кому-то (tell smb – этот глагол всегда требует дополнения)

to say – сказать (say to smb – этот глагол требует предложного дополнения); так же употребляется во фразах типа: He said (that) he would go to the theatre with Julie.

single – единственный, единый, холостой

оnly – единственный, исключительный, выдающийся

lonely – одинокий, малолюдный, пустынный

alone – один, единственный, без посторонней помощи

to offer – предлагать кому-либо что-либо; to offer an opinion – выражать мнение

to propose smb – предлагать, намереваться (to form a plan for)

to request (formal ; stronger than ask ) – просить, требовать

to invite – приглашать

to recover – выздоравливать, восстанавливать

to repeat – повторять

to remember – помнить

to remind – напоминать, уведомлять (It reminds me of …)

used to do smth – иметь привычку (обыкновение) делать что-либо в прошлом

keep (kept, kept) – хранить (keep doing smth – продолжать какое-либо действие)

Данные тесты в формате ЕГЭ для раздела «Грамматика» разработаны на основе коротких рассказов из сборника L.A.Hill“AdvancedStoriesforReproduction” (seriesI) publishedOxfordUniversityPress, 1965, 68 pages$ ISBN: 0194325431.

Основным преимуществом является то, что данные материалы представляют собой короткие (не более 300 – 500 слов) сюжетные тексты различной тематики.

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Данные тесты в формате ЕГЭ для раздела «Грамматика» разработаны на основе коротких рассказов из сборника L.A.Hill “Advanced Stories for Reproduction” (series I) published Oxford University Press, 1965, 68 pages$ ISBN: 0194325431.

Раздел «Грамматика»

As one approaches some crossroads, one comes to a sign which __________ that drivers have to stop when they come to the main road ahead. At other __________, drivers have to go slow, but they do not actually have to stop (unless, of course, there is something coming along the main road); and at still others, they do not have either to stop or to go slow, because they __________ themselves on the main road.

Mr. Williams, who was always a very careful driver, __________ home from work one evening when he came to a crossroads. It had a "Slow" sign, so he __________ down when he came to the main road, looked both ways to see that nothing was coming, and then drove across without stopping completely.

At once he __________ a police whistle, so he pulled in to the side of the road and __________. A policeman walked over to him with a notebook and pencil in his hand and said, "You didn"t stop at that crossing."

"But the sign there __________ "Stop"," answered Mr. Williams. "It just says "Slow", and I did go slow."

The policeman looked around him, and a look of surprise __________ over his face. Then he put his notebook and pencil away, scratched his head and said, "Well, I"ll be blowed! I __________ in the wrong street!"

CROSSROAD

DRIVE

SLOW

HEAR

STOP

NOT SAY

COME

B1 

B2 

B3 

B4 

B5 

B6 

B7 

B8 

B9 

B10 

Text I

As one approaches some crossroads, one comes to a sign which says that drivers have to stop when they come to the main road ahead. At other cross roads, drivers have to go slow, but they do not actually have to stop (unless, of course, there is something coming along the main road); and at still others, they do not have either to stop or to go slow, because they are themselves on the main road.

Mr. Williams, who was always a very careful driver, was driving home from work one evening when he came to a crossroads. It had a "Slow" sign, so he slowed down when he came to the main road, looked both ways to see that nothing was coming, and then drove across without stopping completely.

At once he heard a police whistle, so he pulled in to the side of the road and stopped. A policeman walked over to him with a notebook and pencil in his hand and said, "You didn"t stop at that crossing."

"But the sign there doesn"t say "Stop"," answered Mr. Williams. "It just says "Slow", and I did go slow."

The policeman looked around him, and a look of surprise came over his face. Then he put his notebook and pencil away, scratched his head and said, "Well, I"ll be blowed! I am in the wrong street!"

Раздел «Грамматика»

Before the __________ war, officers in the navy had a lot more freedom when their ship was in port than they have nowadays. They __________ to lead a busy social life, and to take an active part in sport ashore. It was therefore rather difficult for __________ to find time to do all their other duties.

Usually, all the officers in a ship used to have a regular meeting together once a week to receive orders from their captain, make reports and discuss any business that had to __________, such as who should represent the ship in the next football match.

One such meeting __________ on board a ship one day, and after the regular business had been completed, the time __________ to discuss the date of the next meeting. Friday of the next week was suggested, and so was Monday of the week after, but both of them interfered with __________ arrangements for the weekend, and in the end it was generally agreed that the meeting should be held on Wednesday, as this would be the __________ likely day to inter fere with anybody"s convenience, since it was right in the middle of the week.

As the officers __________, however, one of them was heard to say, "Wednesday is the __________ day, because it interferes with two weekends!"

LATE

EXPECT

THEY

DISCUSS

HOLD

COME

SOMEBODY

LITTLE

LEAVE

B1 

B2 

B3 

B4 

B5 

B6 

B7 

B8 

B9 

B10 

Text II

Before the last war, officers in the navy had a lot more freedom when their ship was in port than they have nowadays. They were expected to lead a busy social life, and to take an active part in sport ashore. It was therefore rather difficult for them to find time to do all their other duties.

Usually, all the officers in a ship used to have a regular meeting together once a week to receive orders from their captain, make reports and discuss any business that had to be discussed, such as who should represent the ship in the next football match.

One such meeting was being held on board a ship one day, and after the regular business had been completed, the time came to discuss the date of the next meeting. Friday of the next week was suggested, and so was Monday of the week after, but both of them interfered with somebody"s arrangements for the weekend, and in the end it was generally agreed that the meeting should be held on Wednesday, as this would be the least likely day to inter fere with anybody"s convenience, since it was right in the middle of the week.

As the officers were leaving, however, one of them was heard to say, "Wednesday is the worst day, because it interferes with two weekends!"

Раздел «Грамматика»

Mr. and Mrs. Williams had always spent their summer holidays in England in the past, in a small boarding-house at the seaside. One year, however, Mr. Williams __________ a lot of money in his business, so they decided to go to Rome and stay at a really good hotel while they went around and __________ the sights of that famous city.

They __________ to Rome, and arrived at their hotel late one evening. They expected that they would have to go to bed hungry, because in the boarding-houses they __________ in the past, no meals were served after seven o"clock in the evening. They were therefore surprised when the clerk who __________ them in the hall of the hotel asked them whether they __________ dinner there that night.

"________you still ________ dinner then?" asked Mrs. Williams.

"What __________ the times of meals then?" asked Mr. Williams.

"Well, sir," __________ the clerk, "we serve breakfast from seven to half past eleven in the morning, lunch from twelve to three in the afternoon, tea from four to five, and dinner from six to half past nine."

"But that hardly leaves any time for __________ to see the sights of Rome!" said Mrs. Williams in a disappointed voice.

MAKE

USE TO

RECEIVE

TAKE

SERVE

ANSWER

B1 

B2 

B3 

B4 

B5 

B6 

B7 

B8 

B9 

B10 

Text III

Mr. and Mrs. Williams had always spent their summer holidays in England in the past, in a small boarding-house at the seaside. One year, however, Mr. Williams made a lot of money in his business, so they decided to go to Rome and stay at a really good hotel while they went around and saw the sights of that famous city.

They flew to Rome, and arrived at their hotel late one evening. They expected that they would have to go to bed hungry, because in the boarding-houses they had been used to in the past, no meals were served after seven o"clock in the evening. They were therefore surprised when the clerk who received them in the hall of the hotel asked them whether they would be taking dinner there that night.

"Are you still serving dinner then?" asked Mrs. Williams.

"Yes, certainly, madam," answered the clerk. "We serve it until half past nine."

"What are the times of meals then?" asked Mr. Williams.

"Well, sir," answered the clerk, "we serve breakfast from seven to half past eleven in the morning, lunch from twelve to three in the afternoon, tea from four to five, and dinner from six to half past nine."

"But that hardly leaves any time for us to see the sights of Rome!" said Mrs Williams in a disappointed voice.

Раздел «Грамматика»

Mrs. Black was having a lot of trouble with her skin, so she __________ to her doctor about it. He could not find anything wrong with her, however, so he __________ her to the local hospital for some tests. The hospital, of course, sent the results of the tests direct to Mrs. Black"s doctor, and the next morn ing he telephoned her to give her a list of the things that he __________ she should not eat, as any of them might be the cause of her skin trouble.

Mrs. Black carefully wrote all the things down on a piece of paper, which she then __________ beside the telephone while she went out to a ladies" meeting.

When she got back home two hours later, she found her husband __________ for her. He had a big basket full of packages beside him, and when he saw her, he said, "Hullo, dear. I __________ all your shopping for you."

"Well, when I got home, I __________ your shopping list beside the telephone," answered her husband, "so I went down to the shops and bought every thing you __________ down."

Of course, Mrs. Black had to tell him that he __________all the things the doctor __________ her to eat!

SEND

THINK

LEAVE

WAIT

FIND

WRITE

NOT ALLOW

B1 

B2 

B3 

B4 

B5 

B6 

B7 

B8 

B9 

B10 

Text IV

Mrs. Black was having a lot of trouble with her skin, so she went to her doctor about it. He could not find anything wrong with her, however, so he sent her to the local hospital for some tests. The hospital, of course, sent the results of the tests direct to Mrs. Black"s doctor, and the next morn ing he telephoned her to give her a list of the things that he thought she should not eat, as any of them might be the cause of her skin trouble.

Mrs. Black carefully wrote all the things down on a piece of paper, which she then left beside the telephone while she went out to a ladies" meeting.

When she got back home two hours later, she found her husband waiting for her. He had a big basket full of packages beside him, and when he saw her, he said, "Hullo, dear. I have done all your shopping for you."

"Done all my shopping?" she asked in surprise. "But how did you know what I wanted?"

"Well, when I got home, I found your shopping list beside the telephone," answered her husband, "so I went down to the shops and bought every thing you had written down."

Of course, Mrs. Black had to tell him that he had bought all the things the doctor did not allow her to eat!

Раздел «Грамматика»

Some young soldiers who had recently joined the army __________ in modern ways of fighting, and one of the things they __________ was how an unarmed man could trick an armed enemy and take his weapon away from him. First one of __________ two instructors took a knife away from the other, __________ only his bare hands; and then he took a rifle away from him in the same way.

After the lesson, and before they __________ on to train the young soldiers to do these things themselves, the two instructors asked them a number of questions to see how well they __________ what they had been shown. One of the questions __________ this: "Well, you now know what an unarmed man can do against a man with a rifle. Imagine that you __________ a bridge at night, and that you have a rifle. Suddenly you see an unarmed enemy soldier coming towards you. What will you do?"

The young soldier who __________ answer this question thought carefully for a few seconds before he answered, and then said, "Well, after what I have just seen, I think that the first thing I __________ would be to get rid of my rifle as quickly as I could so that the unarmed enemy soldier couldn"t take it from me and kill me with it!"

TRAIN

SHOW

THEY

UNDERSTAND

GUARD

HAVE TO

B1 

B2 

B3 

B4 

B5 

B6 

B7 

B8 

B9 

B10 

Text V

Some young soldiers who had recently joined the army were being trained in modern ways of fighting, and one of the things they were shown was how an unarmed man could trick an armed enemy and take his weapon away from him. First one of their two instructors took a knife away from the other, using only his bare hands; and then he took a rifle away from him in the same way.

After the lesson, and before they went on to train the young soldiers to do these things themselves, the two instructors asked them a number of questions to see how well they had understood what they had been shown. One of the questions was this: "Well, you now know what an unarmed man can do against a man with a rifle. Imagine that you are guarding a bridge at night, and that you have a rifle. Suddenly you see an unarmed enemy soldier coming towards you. What will you do?"

The young soldier who had to answer this question thought carefully for a few seconds before he answered, and then said, "Well, after what I have just seen, I think that the first thing I would do would be to get rid of my rifle as quickly as I could so that the unarmed enemy soldier couldn"t take it from me and kill me with it!"

Раздел «Грамматика»

A certain poet __________ a play, and arrangements were being made to perform it. Of course, the poet __________ to give his advice on the scenery, the lighting, and all the other things that help to make a play successful, and he __________ to be a very difficult man to please, as he had his own very definite ideas of how each scene should look.

In one of the scenes in the play, it __________ necessary to produce the effect of a wonderful sunset, which the young lovers watched together before __________ one of their great love songs.

The theatre electricians worked very hard to produce this sunset effect. They tried out all kinds of arrangements and combinations of __________-red lights, orange lights, yellow lights, blue lights, lights from above, lights from behind, lights from the front, lights from the sides-but nothing __________ the poet, until suddenly he __________ exactly the effect that he _________ of producing ever since he had written his play.

That"s what __________the effect you can see now!"

WRITE

PROVE

SING

LIGHT

SATISFY

DREAM

PRODUCE

B1 

B2 

B3 

B4 

B5 

B6 

B7 

B8 

B9 

B10 

Text VI

A certain poet had written a play, and arrangements were being made to perform it. Of course, the poet was asked to give his advice on the scenery, the lighting, and all the other things that help to make a play successful, and he proved to be a very difficult man to please, as he had his own very definite ideas of how each scene should look.

In one of the scenes in the play, it was necessary to produce the effect of a wonderful sunset, which the young lovers watched together before sing ing one of their great love songs.

The theatre electricians worked very hard to produce this sunset effect. They tried out all kinds of arrangements and combinations of lights-red lights, orange lights, yellow lights, blue lights, lights from above, lights from behind, lights from the front, lights from the sides-but nothing satisfied the poet, until suddenly he saw exactly the effect that he had been dreaming of producing ever since he had written his play.

"That"s it!" he shouted excitedly to the electricians behind the stage. "That"s just right! Keep it exactly like that!"

"I"m sorry, sir," answered the chief electrician, "but we can"t keep it like this."

"Why ever not?" asked the poet angrily.

"Because the theatre is on fire, sir," answered the chief electrician." That"s what"s producing the effect you can see now!"

Раздел «Грамматика»

Mrs.Baker"s sister __________ ill. She had someone to look after her from Monday to Friday, but not at the weekend, so every Friday evening Mrs. Baker used to go off to spend the weekend with __________ at her home in a neighbour ing town. But as Mr.Baker could not cook, she had arranged for his sister to come over and spend the weekend __________ after him at their home.

This meant that Mr. Baker had quite a busy time when he came home from work on Friday evenings. __________ he had to drive home from the railway station. Then he had to drive his wife to the station to catch her train. And then he __________wait until his sister"s train arrived, so as to take her to his house.

Of course, on Sunday evening he had to drive his sister to the station to catch her train back home, and then wait for his __________ train, so as to bring her home.

One Sunday evening he had seen his sister off on her train and __________ for his wife"s arrival when a porter, who had often seen him at the station, came over and __________ to him.

"You __________ a lot of fun," he said. "But one day one of those __________ is going to catch you with the other, and then you will be in real trouble!"

LOOK

HAVE TO

WIFE

WAIT

SPEAK

HAVE

WOMAN

B1 

B2 

B3 

B4 

B5 

B6 

B7 

B8 

B9 

B10 

Text VII

Mrs. Baker"s sister was ill. She had someone to look after her from Monday to Friday, but not at the weekend, so every Friday evening Mrs. Baker used to go off to spend the weekend with her at her home in a neighbour ing town. But as Mr. Baker could not cook, she had arranged for his sister to come over and spend the weekend looking after him at their home.

This meant that Mr. Baker had quite a busy time when he came home from work on Friday evenings. First he had to drive home from the railway station. Then he had to drive his wife to the station to catch her train. And then he had to wait until his sister"s train arrived, so as to take her to his house.

Of course, on Sunday evening he had to drive his sister to the station to catch her train back home, and then wait for his wife"s train, so as to bring her home.

One Sunday evening he had seen his sister off on her train and was wait ing for his wife"s arrival when a porter, who had often seen him at the station, came over and spoke to him.

"You are having a lot of fun," he said. "But one day one of those women is going to catch you with the other, and then you will be in real trouble!"

Раздел «Грамматика»

A young man, who earned his living as a drummer in a band, __________ just __________, and he and his wife __________ for somewhere to live. They saw a lot of places, but there was always something that one of __________ did not like about them. At last, however, they found a block of new __________ which both of them really liked. However, there was still the problem of whether they should take one of the ground-floor flats, which had a small garden, or one of the upstairs ones.

At last they decided on a first-floor flat-not too low down and not too high up-and moved in. After they __________furniture, carpets, curtains, and all the rest, they gave a big party to celebrate the setting up of their __________ home together.

It was a gay and noisy party, as all the __________ friends from the band came and played their instruments. The guests danced, sang and practised on their host"s drums.

Soon after one a.m. the telephone __________. The hostess went to answer it in the hall, and after she had finished, came back with a happy smile on her face and said to her husband, "That was the man who has just moved into the flat downstairs __________, dear. I am so glad we decided not to choose it. He says it __________ terribly noisy down there."

MARRY

LOOK

THEY

FLAT

HOST

RING

TELEPHONE

B1 

B2 

B3 

B4 

B5 

B6 

B7 

B8 

B9 

B10 

Text VIII

A young man, who earned his living as a drummer in a band, had just married, and he and his wife were looking for somewhere to live. They saw a lot of places, but there was always something that one of them did not like about them. At last, however, they found a block of new flats which both of them really liked. However, there was still the problem of whether they should take one of the ground-floor flats, which had a small garden, or one of the upstairs ones.

At last they decided on a first-floor flat-not too low down and not too high up-and moved in. After they had bought furniture, carpets, curtains, and all the rest, they gave a big party to celebrate the setting up of their first home together.

It was a gay and noisy party, as all the host"s friends from the band came and played their instruments. The guests danced, sang and practised on their host"s drums.

Soon after one a.m. the telephone rang. The hostess went to answer it in the hall, and after she had finished, came back with a happy smile on her face and said to her husband, "That was the man who has just moved into the flat downstairs telephoning, dear. I am so glad we decided not to choose it. He says it is terribly noisy down there."

Раздел «Грамматика»

Just after the __________ war, people were very willing to give money to help those who __________ from it. But not everyone who collected money was honest. The newspapers were full of stories of people who __________ by men who went from house to house saying that they __________ for soldiers who had been seriously wounded in the war, or for people who had lost their homes, or for some other noble cause, while all the time they __________ the money they collected into their own pockets instead of __________ it for the purposes they claimed to be collecting it for.

One day Mr. Smith __________ back with another story of this kind. He told his wife that a group of people had collected thousands of dollars for the widow of the Unknown Soldier. Then someone __________ to the papers about it, and they had written articles to warn other people. Mr. Smith said that he and his friends at the office had had a good laugh about the story when they had read it in the newspaper.

"Can you imagine anyone __________ so stupid as to believe that story and give money for the widow of the Unknown Soldier?" he asked his wife.

Government __________ the widow of the Unknown Soldier!"

LATE

SUFFER

CHEAT

COLLECT

COME

WRITE

B1 

B2 

B3 

B4 

B5 

B6 

B7 

B8 

B9 

B10 

Text IX

Just after the last war, people were very willing to give money to help those who had suffered from it. But not everyone who collected money was honest. The newspapers were full of stories of people who had been cheated by men who went from house to house saying that they were collecting for soldiers who had been seriously wounded in the war, or for people who had lost their homes, or for some other noble cause, while all the time they were putting the money they collected into their own pockets instead of using it for the purposes they claimed to be collecting it for.

One day Mr. Smith came back with another story of this kind. He told his wife that a group of people had collected thousands of dollars for the widow of the Unknown Soldier. Then someone had written to the papers about it, and they had written articles to warn other people. Mr. Smith said that he and his friends at the office had had a good laugh about the story when they had read it in the newspaper.

"Can you imagine anyone being so stupid as to believe that story and give money for the widow of the Unknown Soldier?" he asked his wife.

She looked puzzled at first, but then her face brightened. "Oh, yes! I see now!" she answered. "Of course, the government pays the widow of the Unknown Soldier!"

Раздел «Грамматика»

Mr. and Mrs. Davies had left _________ Christmas shopping very late. There were only a few days more before Christmas, and of course the shops and streets __________ terribly __________, but they had to get presents for their family and friends, so they started out early one morning for the big city, and spent several tiring hours __________ the things they wanted in the big shops.

By lunch-time, Mr. Davies _________ down with parcels of all shapes and sizes. He could hardly see where he _________as he and his wife left the last shop on their way to the railway station and home. Outside the shop they had to cross a busy street, made even _________ than usual by the thousands of people who had come by car to do their last-minute Christmas shopping.

Mr. and Mrs. Davies had to wait for the traffic lights to change, but as Mr. Davies could not see in front of __________ properly, he gradually moved forward into the road without __________ it. Mrs. Davies saw this and became worried. Several times she urged her husband to come back off the road, but without success. He could not hear her because of the noise of the traffic.

Finally she shouted in a voice that could __________clearly above all the noise, "Henry! If you intend to stand in that dangerous position a moment __________, give me the parcels!"

THEY

CROWD

LOAD

BUSY

REALIZE

HEAR

LONG

B1 

B2 

B3 

B4 

B5 

B6 

B7 

B8 

B9 

B10 

Text X

Mr. and Mrs. Davies had left their Christmas shopping very late. There were only a few days more before Christmas, and of course the shops and streets were terribly crowded, but they had to get presents for their family and friends, so they started out early one morning for the big city, and spent several tiring hours buying the things they wanted in the big shops.

By lunch-time, Mr. Davies was loaded down with parcels of all shapes and sizes. He could hardly see where he was going as he and his wife left the last shop on their way to the railway station and home. Outside the shop they had to cross a busy street, made even busier than usual by the thousands of people who had come by car to do their last-minute Christmas shopping.

Mr. and Mrs. Davies had to wait for the traffic lights to change, but as Mr. Davies could not see in front of him properly, he gradually moved forward into the road without realizing it. Mrs. Davies saw this and became worried. Several times she urged her husband to come back off the road, but without success. He could not hear her because of the noise of the traffic.

Finally she shouted in a voice that could be heard clearly above all the noise, "Henry! If you intend to stand in that dangerous position a moment longer, give me the parcels!"

T ест № 4

Грамматика и лексика.

пропуски полученными словами .

A Weekend Getaway

On Friday, Brett(1)_______(decide) that it would be nice to go camping with his best friend James to Toad Island for weekend. Ye went over to James’ house. James (2)_____(play) football with his brother. “Hey, James! Would you like to go camping tomorrow? The weather(3)_____(be) good!” shouted Brett. “I would love to. What time(4)______(think) you of leaving?’ asked Brett. “Oh, I don’t know. What about 6.30 am?” answered Brett. “Wow! That’s early! Let me ask my parents. I (5)_____(call) you,” said James. James told his mum about the camping trip. “I’m afraid you can’t go. We (6)______(buy) tickets to go to Shortland Safari Park for the weekend,’ replied his mum. “Well, can I invite Brett along? I’m sure he (7)_____(love) to come,” James asked. “Sure, ask him along. Tell him to be here by 10 am,” said his mum. “A more civilized time,” said James as he walked towards the phone.

пропуски полученными словами .

Cycling Across the Ocean

‘The Subhuman Project’ is one man’s dream to cycle 3,700 kilometres just below the surface of the Atlantic Ocean in a pedal-power submarine. The man is Ted Ciamillo, an engineer, (8)_____(invent) and entrepreneur, who says that he hopes to make the journey in just fifty days. Ciamillo will pedal two metres below the ocean surface for 6 hours each day. He will breathe through a(n)(9)______(special) designed snorkel or, for deeper dives, through a scuba system. At night, he will come up to the surface and sleep in a tent erected on top of the submarine. (10)______(power) cameras mounted on the submarine will record everything from huge whales to tiny plankton. They will even capture(11)_______(pollute) such as floating rubbish. Naturally, marine biologists are excited by the large amount of data Ciamillo could gather for them on his(12)______(cross). Once a day, Ciamillo, will meet with a support boat that will follow him for his entire journey to replace dead batteries, air cylinders and other (13)_____(equip).

номер выбранного вами варианта ответ .

The Best Season

Most people say they prefer spring to summer, but early autumn is the time when I most want to be in England. Surprisingly, the weather is often better in September and October than it is in the(14)______of summer. This is really the time to get out and enjoy the beauty of the English countryside. Already the children have(15)_____to school and, with fewer people looking(16)____hotel room, accommodation is a lot less(17)______than in the summer season. At this time of the year, you will find that the English woods and forests are breathtakingly beautiful. Few things are more enjoyable than(18)_____slowly through an English wood on a sunny morning in early autumn, walking(19)____a crisp carpet of falling orange, gold and brown leaves in the still, cool air. The world seems at(20)_____when the weather is like this and I always feel relaxed in a golden English wood in autumn.

14. a)close b)middle c)period d)time

15. a)returned b)departed c)attended d)left

16. a)at b)for c)from d)to

17. a)wealthy b)valuable c)rich d)expensive

18. a)striding b)marching c)strolling d)racing

19. a)across b)by c)through d)away

20. a)calm b)peace c)comfort d)happiness

Тест № 5

Грамматика и лексика.

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные в скобках, обозначенных номерами1-7, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными слова .

School Exchange Programme

After(1)_____(spend) three fun-filled months in the Republic of Cameroon teaching English, Jane and Sue were on a plane back to England. While in Cameroon, they had decided that when they got back to London, they(2)_____(organise) a series of events to raised money for the school they(3)_____(teach) at. “Steph, what about organising a sponsored fancy-dress run? We could ask parents to dress up in funny outfits and compete against their children,” said Sue. “That’s a great idea. What else could we do?’ asked Jane. “What about a barbecue? My dad(4)______(promise) to have one for ages. We could ask him to hold it after the walk,” said Sue. “Perfect!” exclaimed Jane. “Another thing we could do is have a summer ball.” “Hmm, that might be a bit difficult to organise. Let me think about it and I (5)____(call) you in a few days to talk about it more. I’ll know if we can go ahead with my barbecue idea because I (6)______(speak) to my dad by then!” Sue added. “Great1 Hey, look-I think we(7)_____(land) soon!” Jane replied. “Home sweet home!”

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные в скобках, обозначенных номерами 8-13, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами .

Starlings

Starlings are small to medium-sized birds native to Europe, Asia, Africa and Pacific. Their feathers are generally dark and(8)______(shine) and they usually nest in holes, laying blue or white eggs. Starlings are highly sociable animals, flying in flocks of up to one million birds. (9)____(natural), flocks of this size are a very eye-catching sight in the sky. The shape of a starling flock is usually(10)____(circle), but it constantly expands, contracts and changes from. Interestingly, flocks move without(11)____(guide) from any sort of ‘leader’ bird. Single males build nests to attract single females. They decorate their nests with flower and green vegetation and sing during the(12)_____(construct) of them. Starlings can produce a wide range of sounds-from beautiful songs to mechanical-sounding chirps. Starlings are also very good mimics. In(13)____(captive), they can learn to reproduce many types of speech and sounds.

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст с пропусками, обозначенных номерами 14-20, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответ .

A Mystery Solved

She knew something was wrong the moment she(14)_____ the room. It wasn’t as if anything was missing or out of(15)___, but something was definitely not as it should be. She stopped and looked(16)____again, this time more carefully. The cat was lying curled into a ball in front of the fire, gently sleeping. Nothing unusual about that. Puzzled, she sat in her(17)____chair by the fire and took a small sip of the coffee she had brought from the kitchen, absent-mindedly rubbing the cat with her foot as she did so. It yawned, stretched, and then(18)____asleep again. Suddenly, she froze, her coffee halfway to her mouth. She had realised something when the cat had yawned and stretched. Normally, when it woke up and saw her in the room, it would start(19)____to be fed. Her eyes went to the tank in the corner which had been home to her three pet fish for the past five months. It was(20)____empty.

14. a)entered b)arrived c)touched d)joined

15. a)situation b)order c)place d)site

16. a)around b)over c)through d)away

17. a)common b)usual c)standard d)typical

18. a)slipped b)let c)fell d)went

19. a)insisting b)demanding c)calling d)inquiring

20. a)fully b)generally c)awfully d)completely

Тест № 6

Грамматика и лексика.

The Telephone Call

She sat at the chair, just(1)____(stare) at the telephone. Would you call her? He had promised to, and he had seemed like sort of person who would keep his promises, but you never knew. Already it(2)___(be) eleven o’clock in the morning and the phone hadn’t rung. She knew that it(3_____(work) because she had picked it up several times to check. She began to get impatient. He had been so nice to her when they had met in the library,(4)_____(help) to fine the book she needed for her research. Usually she(5)_____(not give) her telephone number to people she had just met, but she had felt certain that she was doing the right thing in this case. Twelve o’clock. Still silence. She(6)_____(wait) for over four hours now. Angrily, she stood up, put on her coat and left the flat, slamming the door behind her. As she got out of the lift on the ground floor thr telephone in her flat(7)____(begin) to ring. She did not hear it.

The City of Bath

Bath, a World Heritage Site, is located in the country of Somerset. It is one of the most beautiful cities in England and very popular with(8)______(tour). Because Bath is not a very city, in summer it often seems that there are more visitors than(9)_____(reside). What do all these people come to look at? Well, many of them want to see the Roman Baths where hot water(10)_____(constant) bubbles from the Earth. Some come to visit the museums. But most are drawn to Bath because of its superb 18 th -and 19 th - century architecture. Over the centuries, many of England’s best architects have been employed to develop Bath, which is why it is such a(11)_____(charm) city. It has magnificent squares, terraces and churches and most of the(12)____(build) are made from a lovely, golden-coloured stone. But of course, there is a lot more to Bath than just history! Bath has a fantastic nightlife, and no one should miss shopping for local bargains in its(13)_____(crowd) but magnificent shopping centres.

The Siberian Tiger

Last year I had decided to visit Russia; it would be the holiday of a lifetime and the(14)____to see some of Russia’s wildlife. I particularly wanted to see the beautiful Siberian tiger, which is the largest of all the tiger species. I spent my first week in St Petersburg and then flew to Eastern Russia for my five-day wilderness(15)_____. My guide was very experienced and knew the area well; he worked for the Wildlife Conservation Society on the Siberian Tiger project. He told me that tiger always live(16)___in uninhabited forests and tent to avoid humans, so finding a tiger would be difficult. However, I was not going to be put off by this information; I was determined to find this beautiful animal before my holiday ended. One afternoon while we were walking in the forest, my guide suddenly stopped and bent down to(17)____something. He pointed out some fresh claw marks on a tree and said that there was(18)____a tiger somewhere in the area. We(19)____walking and then after a few minutes my guide suddenly stopped; hidden among the bushes and trees we caught a(20)____of a Siberian tiger. I took my camera out of my bag, aimed and took the picture of a lifetime!

14. a)occasion b)time c)chance d)possibility

15. a)voyage b)trip c)travel d)outing

16. a)single b)lonely c)solo d)alone

17. a)research b)spot c)test d)examine

18. a)probably b)reasonably c)normally d)particularly

19. a)fell back b)took off c)carried on d)went forward

20. a)sight b)glimpse c)glance d)look

T ест № 7

Грамматика и лексика.

A Car for the Future

The idea of a car powered by electricity is not new. Several years cars(1)_____(build) to run on batteries, but they had a limited range and the discovery of oil fields in Texas which could provide cheap fuel meant that these cars(2)______(not remain) popular for long. Now, with people(3)______(become) more concerned about the environment, interest in electric-powered cars(4)_______(increase) once again. The designers of the new cars use the latest technology to make them as efficient as possible and the batteries used to power the cars are very different to those(5)______(find) in the early cars. For more than a year now, one company(6)______(sell) an electric sport car which can travel over 300 km before the battery needs to be recharged. Until now, the car has only been sold in North America, but the company hopes that the car(7)_____(be) available in Europe in the near future. There is only one problem; it costs more than 100,000 dollars to buy.

Guide to Good Chocolate

Like many processed food products, the quality of chocolate can vary a lot. There is both high-quality and poor-quality chocolate, and it is (8)______(help) to know which is which when buying it. Good quality chocolate shouldn’t contain any e-numbers, hydrogenated fats, or artificial preservatives. You should be able to smell it when you (9)_____(wrap) it. If you can’t smell anything, the chocolate probably won’t taste good. The (10)_____(appear) of high-quality chocolate is important. There are no cracks or air pockets in the chocolate and it is evenly coloured. Also, good chocolate feels silky, not (11)______(stick), and when a piece is broken off the bar, it snaps away cleanly. The taste buds for ‘sweet’ flavours are located near the front of the tongue and this is where you should start tasting a piece of chocolate. Good chocolate is smooth and starts to melt on the tongue (12)_______(instant). The taste remains in your mouth for several minutes. Some (13)_______(manufacture)replace cocoa butter with vegetable fat in order to cut costs. Apart from tasting terrible, chocolate made without cocoa butter is not real chocolate!

Teenage Crisis

Mary was a good student. She had always liked school and her teachers were very (14)____of her. They were sure that she would have no problem (15)_____ the university entrance examination at the end of the year and that she would go on to become an excellent doctor. But then she changed. She started going to school late and giving all kinds of (16)______for not doing her homework. When she was asked why she always late, she (17)_____ to say anything at all, so Mary’s worried teachers called her parents to try to find out what was (18)_____. Here parents were shocked when they heard what their daughter’s teachers had to say. Apparently, Mary had been leaving home to go to school at the same time as she always had done, and she had been (19)_____all her time in the evening in her room studying, or so they thought. They had to (20)_____what was going on-quickly.

14. a)pleased b)happy c)proud d)satisfied

15. a)writing b)making c)passing d)achieving

16. a)remarks b) apologies c)excuses d)suggestions

17. a)denied b)refused c)disagreed d)rejected

18. a)problem b)wrong c)incorrect d)bad

19. a)using b) sitting c) taking d)spending

20. a)find out b)see to c)look over d)check up

Тест № 8

Грамматика и лексика.

The Channel Tunnel

For nearly two hundred years before it became a reality, people (1)______(talk) about building a tunnel under the sea to link England and France. Digging did actually start at the end of the 19 th century, but the work was soon stopped because politicians were afraid that such a tunnel could (2)______(use) by armies to attack England. Despite all the difficulties and fears, a railway tunnel (3)_____(connect) the two countries was finally completed in 1994. Since then, thousands of people (4)_____(make) the journey under the English Channel seabed from the centre of Paris to the centre of London. The trains travelling between England and France not only (5)______(carry) people, but vehicles, too. Special trains are used to carry cars and lorries between stations, which (6)_____(put) near the coast at both ends of the tunnel. So you can now take your car from one country to the other a lot faster than by ferry. Recently, second and third phrases of the Channel tunnel (7)______(build) with intermediate stations and faster trains.

Owl Sanctuary

The Suffolk Owl Sanctuary in East Anglia, England, is a wonderful place to watch, study or (8)______(simple) enjoy the company of owls. There are over sixty owls at the sanctuary and they are all housed in spacious cages. The sanctuary organizes many fun events throughout the year, and there are also flying (9)_____(demonstrate) each day. There are also an information centre about owls at the sanctuary, an owl hospital, picnic areas, and plenty of (10)_____(active) for children, including a play area and mini-maze. Many sick and injured owls are brought to the sanctuary every year for (11)______(treat) . Some require an overnight ‘pick-me-up’ and can be released back into the wild very quickly, but owls that are more seriously hurt are treated at the sanctuary’s owl hospital. In (12)______(add)to caring for hurt owls, the sanctuary also runs a nest box scheme. This is the placing of man-made nest boxes in trees in suitable (13)______(locate) for owls to use. The sanctuary is supported entirely by entrance fees and voluntary donations from members of the public.

A Meeting at Night

It was dark and raining hard when I first saw it and even now I’m not sure what it was that made me (14)_____ it. I had been driving a long time without stopping for a rest because I had to get to the port to (15)____ the last ferry to the island. I hadn’t wanted to sleep in the car in such bad weather, so I had kept driving. And there it was, running (16)_____ the car with long, easy strides. It didn’t look at me at all; its eyes were fixed firmly on the road (17)_____as it ran. I don’t know how long it had been there, but it didn’t seem at all tired. I wanted to stop the car to see what would happen, but I was afraid of (18)_____the ferry, so I kept going and tried to ignore it. Surely it would get tired soon and lose me. I was wrong. When I (19)____at the port twenty minutes later it was still there. It was sitting and (20)_____ at me hopefully with bright black eyes. I still have that dog. I call him Sprinter.

14. a)remark b)look c)notice d)catch

15. a)carry b)catch c)hold d)travel

16. a)beside b) along c)next d)across

17. a)forward b)before c)ahead d)towards

18. a)losing b)avoiding c)escaping d)missing

19. a)arrived b) came c) reached d)entered

20. a)glancing b)watching c)staring d)seeing

Test 1: 1-had been coming, 2-looking,3-were washed, 4-didn’t enjoy,5- began,6- had spent, 7-didn’t want; 8-mysterious, 9-visitors,10-famous, 11-really12-movement, 13-existence; 14-reached, 15-worthless, 16-regularly, 17-telling, 18- come across, 19- falling, 20- attracted

Test 2: 1- didn’t know, 2- walking, 3- was thinking, 4-had written, 5- have begun, 6- laughed, 7-will have, 8- scientist,9- education,10- remarkable, 11- beginning, `12- understanding, 13- discovery, 14- instead, 15- idea, 16- true, 17- side, 18- do, 19- of, 20- personal.

Test 3: 1- living, 2- thought, 3- looks, 4- have been created, 5- is run, 6- haven’t been, 7- will see, 8- appearance, 9- impatient, 10- intentions, 11- faithful, 12- eventually, 13- original, 14- pick, 15- past, 16- collection, 17- earning, 18- filled, 19- up with, 20- after.

Test 4: 1- decided, 2- was playing, 3- is going to be, 4- are you thinking, 5- will call, 6- have bought, 7- would love, 8- inventor, 9- specially, 10- powerful, 11- pollution, 12- crossing, 13- equipment, 14- middle, 15- returned, 16- for, 17- expensive, 18- strolling, 19- across, 20- peace.

Test 5: spending, 2- would organized, 3- had been teaching/were teaching, 4- has been promising,5- will call, 6- will have spoken, 7- are going to land, 8- shiny, 9- naturally, 10- circular, 11- guidance, 12- construction, 13- captivity, 14- entered, 15- place, 16- around, 17- usual, 18- fell, 19- demanding, 20- completely.

Test 6: staring, 2- was, 3- was working, 4- helping, 5- didn’t give, 6- had been waiting, 7- began, 8- tourists, 9- residents, 10- constantly, 11- charming, 12- buildings, 13- crowded, 14- chance, 15- trip, 16- alone, 17- examine, 18- probably, 19- carried on, 20- glimpse.

Test 7:were built , 2- didn’t remain, 3- becoming, 4- is increasing/has increased, 5- found, 6- has been selling, 7- will be, 8- helpful, 9- unwrap, 10- appearance, 11- sticky, 12- instantly, 13- manufacturers, 14- proud, 15- passing, 16- excuses, 17- refused 18- wrong, 19- spending, 20- found out.

Test 8: had been talking, 2- be used, 3- connecting, 4- has made, 5- carry, 6- have been put, 7- have been built, 8- simply, 9- demonstrations, 10- activities, 11- treatment 12- addition 13- locations, 14- notice, 15- catch, 16- beside, 17- ahead, 18- missing, 19- arrived, 20- staring.

Рассмотрим следующий раздел Единого государственного экзамена – Грамматика и Лексика, самый объемный по охватываемому материалу и трудозатратный в подготовке. Сегодня начнем с первой части – заданий 19 – 25, проверяющих знание грамматики.

Общая информация

Раздел “Грамматика и лексика” Единого государственного экзамена отличается от аналогичного раздела только наличием третьего задания на знание лексических единиц и сочетаемости. Первое – на грамматику, второе – на словообразование и третье – на общее знание лексической части изучаемого языка.

Часть “Грамматика” при правильном выполнении даст вам 7 баллов .

После определенной тренировки на весь раздел потребуются не предписанные 30 минут, а 20 минут , на чем можно и сэкономить время для остальных частей экзамена. А на часть “Грамматика” – около 7 минут.

Задания 19 – 25

Первые задания этого раздела тестируют все грамматические знания, полученные или не полученные за 11 лет обучения в школе. Здесь никакой лайфхак не поможет, если ученик туп и ленив мало что знает об этой самой грамматике. Да что там, даже если знает, но забыл под влиянием стресса/ бессонной ночи/ расставания с любовью всей жизни, возможность угадать правильный вариант практически равна нулю, потому что тут этих самых вариантов нет, их нужно вписать самим. И даже если повезло и угадал правильную грамматическую форму, но написал неверно – заветного балла все равно не видать.

Чтобы облегчить непосильную задачу, на этапе тренировки предлагаю следующую схему (она же в форме таблицы ниже):

Если перед нами существительное :
1) Наиболее вероятное - образовать от него форму множественного числа (выучить все исключения, типа foot - feet, а если мн. ч. образуется по общему правилу, то быть внимательным - не меняется ли конечная y на i, не меняется ли f на v, не добавляется ли -es вместо привычного - s).
Пример: Machu Picchu, often called “The Lost City of the Incas”, is probably the most famous symbol of the Incan Empire. Machu Picchu is situated 7,875 _______FOOT ________ above sea level in Peru. (правильный ответ – FEET)
2) Менее вероятный - притяжательная форма существительного (вроде world - world’s). Распознать этот случай легко - после пропуска будет стоять еще одно существительное.
Пример: This was my ____FRIEND_____ worst habit. (правильный ответ – FRIEND”S)
Если видите местоимение (например, I), ставьте его в падеж - объектный (me) или притяжательный (my или mine). Еще возможна рефлексивная форма – myself. В предложении ниже после пропуска стоит существительное (здесь и далее примеры-картинки из демоверсии экзамена 2016 года), так что здесь единственный вариант – притяжательный падеж, который ставится перед существительным.
Указательное местоимение (this, that) нужно ставить во мн. ч. (these, those соответственно). Неопределенные местоимения (some, any, no, every и их производные) в тестах встречаются реже, но кодификатор предупреждает, что они могут попасться.
С числительными все волшебно просто - преобразуем количественное в порядковое, помня все тонкости правильнописания (например, one – first).
Пример: My ___TWO_____ thought was that I had mistaken the number of the house. (Правильный ответ – SECOND)
Прилагательное или наречие ставим в какую-то из степеней сравнения. Небольшой лайфхак – если перед пропуском стоит than или конструкция the … the … (например, the better you prepare, the better mark you have), это сравнительная, а если the, то превосходная. Здесь нужно помнить, что the второй раз писать не надо, только саму превосходную форму.
Пример: The ______BAD _________ moment was when I remembered that I had recently asked staff members to give me their home numbers. (Правильный ответ – WORST)
Внимание! Ученики то и дело норовят в этом задании сделать из прилагательного наречие или дописать спереди отрицательную приставку. Обращаем внимание, что так можно делать только в следующем задании.
А вот с глаголами придется попотеть (поэтому и таблица ниже такая путаная). И сначала понять - перед нами личная форма (та, которая изменяется по временам) или неличная (причастие активное или пассивное, инфинитив или герундий).
1) Узнать неличную форму легко - в предложении уже есть сказуемое, выраженное личной формой глагола, то есть наш пропуск стоит не на месте сказуемого, а на другом месте в предложении, идеально – если перед ним запятая, которая явно намекает на что-то отличное от сказуемого.
Рассмотрим пример из демоверсии 2017 года, первые два задания. Перед пропуском в задании 19 стоит запятая, явно намекая на оборот, дополняющий главное предложение “The name Alaska comes from the Aleut word alaxsxaq”. Осталось только понять – активное или пассивное значение у уточняющего оборота. Так как слово само что-то обозначает, делает вывод об активном значении причастия и пишем meaning.
В задании 20 также запятой отделен уточняющий оборот. При переводе становится понятен его пассивный смысл, слово не само сформировалось, его сформировали, поэтому добавляем к глаголу form пассивное окончание -ed.

То же самое грамматическое явление и в 22 задании. Но тут все облегчается семантикой слова locate. После прорешивания n-ного количества примеров, становится очевидно, что при виде слова locate нужно ждать пассивного значения – либо это личная пассивная форма глагола, либо причастие с пассивным значением located:

2) Если в предложении пропуск стоит после подлежащего, и сказуемого недостает, перед нами точно личная форма.
Как и с причастием, решаем активный это залог или пассивный (переведя предложение) и дальше думаем, в какое время его поставить. В этом же предложении (ну, или в предыдущих) могут стоять слова-подсказки. Если их нет, смотрим на само предложение и что его окружает.
Снова обратимся к демоверсии 2017 года. Понять, что мы видим личную форму глагола в заданиях 21 и 23 можно, найдя подлежащее – оно стоит прямо перед пропуском, which в задании 21 и structure в задании 22. В первом случае для понимания пассивного характера глагола нам потребуется перевод, во втором случае – стоит предлог by, в большинстве случаев указывающих на пассив.

Обойдя все подводные камни, не ошибиться бы еще в написании, выучив правила орфографии и неправильные глаголы. В задании 24, например, мы видим личную форму глагола (на месте сказуемого), понимаем, что оно стоит в активном залоге (участники сами выигрывают соревнование), определяем время – прошедшее, потому что все окружающие его предложения стоят в прошедшем времени, и по правилу согласования времен мы знаем, что возле Past, как правило стоит, Past или Future-in-the-Past. Так как в этом предложении нет определенных показателей времени, и оно обозначает просто событие в прошлом, выбираем Past Simple.

Также нужно уметь распознавать предложения условия (и конструкции с I wish) или согласование времен в косвенной речи, которые также могут тут встретиться.
Пример: One day I decided to ask him why he always chose this type while driving. “Well, sister,” he reluctantly replied, “to be frank, it’s mainly so you can’t sing along.” He added that he _______LISTEN___________ to anything else if only I promised not to sing along. (Правильный ответ – WOULD LISTEN, согласование времен в косвенной речи)

Понимаю, что вся схема выполнения задания кажется путаной и вызывает сомнения, но после примерно двух месяцев работы по ней ученик все запоминает и начинает самостоятельно рассуждать.

Обратите внимание, как нужно заполнять бланк к этому заданию – все заглавными буквами и без пропусков. Если в ответе есть апостроф , например – didn’t like, то он записывается в отдельную клетку . Вообще, госпожа Вербицкая советует избегать апострофов в пользу полной формы – did not like, потому что “компьютер их может не считать”.

Здесь не будет никаких лайфхаков, потому что если не готовиться к этой части экзамена, угадать и логически что-то вычислить невозможно. Подготовку к заданиям 19 – 25 лучше начинать за год до экзамена, распределив все темы и повторив их за месяц-два перед экзаменом. Этой схемы я придерживаюсь в своем .

Несколько общих советов по выполнению:

Читать ВЕСЬ текст, потому что подсказка о грамматической форме может быть не в этом конкретном предложении, а в предыдущем. Или в следующем.
Если вы правильно определили форму, озаботьтесь еще ее правильным написанием. При корявой орфографии не зачтут.
Проверьте еще раз.
Если не понимаете, напишите хоть что-нибудь, мало ли.

Учебные пособия

Я не могу вас обрадовать и сказать – вот 2-3 книги, все нужное для подготовки – в них.

Для подготовки к заданиям 19-25 придется самим изучать кодификатор и выбирать подходящие грамматические темы для изучения. Я пользуюсь в подготовке следующими пособиями:

Экзамен ЕГЭ проверяет:

грамматические навыки базового уровня;
навыки словообразования;
лексический запас.

Как подготовиться к лексико-грамматической части ЕГЭ?

решить как можно больше упражнений по грамматике ;
вспомнить или освоить навык словообразования;
пройти тестовые варианты ЕГЭ и понять, где именно встречаются ошибки, над которыми нужно работать.

Прочитайте приведенные ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами.

Для того чтобы понять, в какой форме необходимо использовать глагол be , нужно посмотреть на предложение с пропуском. Так, это предложение написано в прошедшем времени (phoned ). Соответственно, нам нужно поставить глагол be в Past Simple в отрицании. Для местоимения she эта форма - wasn’ t .

Глагол build («строить ») - неправильный. Его вторая и третья формы - built, built. В данном предложении важно понять, стена ли кого-то строила или ее строили. Логично, что строили стену. Это значит, что здесь необходимо употребить пассивный залог во времени Past Simple . Таким образом, правильным ответом будет was built , так как пассивный залог (Passive Voice ) - это глагол be в нужной форме (в зависимости от времени) и третья форма смыслового глагола (Participle II/ V 3 ).

Глагол become («становиться ») - неправильный. Его вторая и третья формы - became, become. Для того чтобы понять, какую форму этого глагола необходимо использовать в данном предложении, нужно выяснить, нет ли в предложении «сигнальных» слов. Такое слово есть - since , и оно указывает на Present Perfect . Правильным ответом будет форма has become .

Слово nature («природа ») является существительным . После пропуска также стоит существительное - beauty («красота »), то есть на месте пропуска должно стоять некое определение. Роль определения в предложении обычно играет прилагательное, и от слова nature прилагательным будет natural .

Most of the land in National Parks is privately owned, but administered by an independent National Park Authority which works to balance the expectations of __________ with the need to conserve these open spaces for future generations.

visit

Слово visit («посещать ») - это глагол . Посмотрев на слова перед пропуском - the expectations of («ожидания кого-то/чего-то ») - можно понять, что нам необходимо существительное - «ожидания посетителей » (visitors ). На то, что существительное должно стоять во множественном числе , указывает отсутствие неопределенного артикля перед пропуском.

В данном предложении пропущено подлежащее, то есть из существительного science («наука ») необходимо образовать другое существительное, способное исполнить роль этого подлежащего. Более того, новое существительное должно стоять во множественном числе , так как в сказуемое входит глагол be в форме множественного числа - are . Новым существительным будет слово scientists - «ученые ».

строго следуйте инструкции и внимательно читайте задание ;
прежде чем заполнить пропуск, внимательно прочитайте предложение и найдите «сигнальные» слова , которые подскажут вам, в какое время необходимо поставить глагол или какая часть речи требуется;
не оставляйте пропуски незаполненными , даже если вы не знаете правильный ответ;
пишите четко и аккуратно .

Список литературы

Афанасьева О.В., Дули Д., Михеева И.В. Английский язык (базовый уровень). - Просвещение, 2012.
Биболетова М.З., Бабушис Е.Е., Снежко Н.Д. Английский язык (базовый уровень). - Титул, 2009.
Кауфман К.И., Кауфман М.Ю. Английский язык (базовый уровень). - Титул, 2010.
Музланова Е.С. 120 учебно-тренировочных заданий для подготовки к ЕГЭ. - АСТ, 2010.

Correctenglish.ru ().
Interactive-english.ru ().
Begin-english.ru ().

Домашнее задание

Test 1 Елена Музланова, Елена Кисунько Английский язык: Экспресс-репетитор для подготовки к ЕГЭ: «Грамматика и лексика». - Астрель, 2010. - С. 6.
Test 6 Елена Музланова, Елена Кисунько Английский язык: Экспресс-репетитор для подготовки к ЕГЭ: «Грамматика и лексика». - Астрель, 2010. - С. 9.
Test 3 Елена Музланова, Елена Кисунько Английский язык: Экспресс-репетитор для подготовки к ЕГЭ: «Грамматика и лексика». - Астрель, 2010. - С. 28.